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{"sheet":"Index","index":0,"n_rows":25,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":25,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Sheet","INDEX",null,null,null,"Technology Data for Energy Carrier Generation and Conversion June 2017\n"]
[2,"81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf."]
[3,"81 Biogas Plant, Add. Straw"]
[4,"81 Biogas Plant, Add. Org Waste"]
[5,"82 Biogas, upgrading"]
[6,"83 Gasif. Fixed Bed, Producer "]
[7,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG"]
[8,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, Bio Di "]
[9,"86 SOEC"]
[10,"87 PEM Electrolyser"]
[11,"88 Alkaline Electrolyser"]
[12,"89 Vegetable oil FAME"]
[13,"90 UCO & animal fat FAME"]
[14,"91 Hydrogenated vegetable oil"]
[15,"92 HVO jet fuel"]
[16,"93 1st generation ethanol"]
[17,"94 Pyrolysis oils"]
[18,"95 Cellulosic ethanol"]
[19,"96 Biomass to diesel an j. fuel"]
[20,"97 Methanol from biomass gasif."]
[21,"98 Methanol from power"]
[22,"99 SNG from methan. of biogas"]
[23,"100 Hydrothermal liquifaction"]
[24,"101 Catalytic Hydropyrolysis 2"]
[25,"101 Catalytic Hydropyrolysis 1"]

{"sheet":"81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.","index":1,"n_rows":80,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":80,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[74,1,74,13],[76,5,76,13],[77,5,77,11],[78,5,78,13],[79,5,79,13],[69,1,69,15],[70,1,70,15],[71,1,71,13],[72,1,72,13],[73,1,73,13],[57,1,57,15],[58,1,58,11],[48,5,48,15],[49,1,49,11],[0,6,0,14],[2,6,2,15],[3,10,3,11],[3,12,3,13],[50,1,50,11],[51,1,51,15],[52,1,52,15],[55,1,55,15],[56,1,56,11]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology ","Biogas plant, basic configuration"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology","Biogas plant, basic configuration"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Typical capacity (tons/year input)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Typical total plant size (MW output)",9.2417432910061201,8.6829269484640879,8.6829269484640879,8.6829269484640879,8.3175689619055078,9.5512196433104979,8.3175689619055078,9.5512196433104979,"A"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- Inputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biomass (tons/year)",365000,365000,365000,365000,365000,365000,365000,365000,"A B","5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Aux. electricity (% of output energy)",3.6969498399920031,3.8195864970641451,3.8195864970641451,3.8195864970641451,1.9194756290809074,6.7181647017831763,1.9194756290809074,6.7181647017831763,"A","5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Aux. electricity (kWh/ton input)",8.1999027314237374,7.9596457265634744,7.9596457265634744,7.9596457265634744,{"$f":"K11*G12/G11","v":4.257432244153974},{"$f":"L11*H12/H11","v":14},4,14]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Aux. process heat (% of output energy)",8.3858637444973674,8.9255616752262199,8.9255616752262199,8.9255616752262199,7.1980336090534029,11.996722681755671,7.1980336090534029,11.996722681755671,"A","5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Aux. process heat (kWh/ton input))",18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,{"$f":"K13*G14/G13","v":15.965370915577404},25,15,25]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- Outputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas (%)",100,100,100,100,95.792225493464429,110.00000000000001,95.792225493464429,110.00000000000001,"F"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas (GJ/ton input)",0.79848662034292872,0.75020488834729715,0.75020488834729715,0.75020488834729715,0.71863795830863586,0.82522537718202693,0.71863795830863586,0.82522537718202693,"G","9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas production, (MJ/S heating value)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"J"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Planned outage (days per year)",10,10,10,10]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technical lifetime (years)",20,20,20,20]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Construction time (years)",1,1,1,1]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Specific investment (mio €/MW output)",1.8141415733691493,1.7106920331911744,1.5396228298720569,1.3856605468848513,1.5396228298720569,1.9007689257679714,1.2470944921963663,1.5396228298720569,"A H C"," 8/5"]
[null,null,null,null,null," - of which equipment","-","-"]
[null,null,null,null,null," - of which installation","-","-"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Total O&M (€/MW/year)",{"$f":"G31*$G$10/G7","v":198785.17939696187},{"$f":"H31*$G$10/H7","v":194715.0214064848},197702.43921954936,195722.30695110411,154397.58718954289,245575.03674852804,150000.99028005442,252438.88699442198]
[null,null,null,null,null,"  Total O&M (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"SUM(G32:G34)","v":5.0332098576529329},{"$f":"SUM(H32:H34)","v":4.6320446757291194},4.7031118829493384,4.6560068313460325,3.5183906273995653,6.4261400408198313,3.4182015918040287,6.6057513868398958,"A D I","8/5"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which O&M, excl el. and heat (€/(ton input/year))",4.1066159855732369,3.6728291205962398,3.4891876645664275,3.3147282813381058,2.8146278025529408,5.0501400408198309,2.5402015918040286,4.5577513868398958,"A D I","8/5"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which electricity (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"G12*0.063","v":0.51659387207969543},{"$f":"H12*0.069","v":0.54921555513287978},{"$f":"I12*0.101","v":0.80392421838291095},{"$f":"J12*0.117","v":0.93127855000792659},{"$f":"K12*0.069","v":0.29376282484662425},{"$f":"L12*0.069","v":0.96600000000000008},{"$f":"M12*0.117","v":0.46800000000000003},{"$f":"N12*0.117","v":1.6380000000000001},"K"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which heat (€/(ton input/year))",0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology Specific data"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Methane emission (Nm3 CH4/ton input/year)",0.44,0.42,0.42,0.42,0.17,0.88,0.17,0.88,"J","12"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Notes:"]
["A","The production, investment- and operation costs are based on a plant with a yearly input of 365,000 tons and a mix of available feedstock sources as described in [9] and [8], but excluding straw, energy crops, garden waste and aquatic biomass. The available feedstock composition for 2015 is obtained by interpolation of 2012 and 2020 potentials. The feedstock composition after 2020 is assumed constant.\nThe output of a specific plant will vary depending on the actual feedstock composition."]
["B","Values are assumed valid for a range 200,000 - 400,000 tons per year"]
["C","The investment includes a straw fired boiler for process heat."]
["D","All O&M considered fixed, assuming 8760 hours operation per year. Does not include costs for biomass purchase and transport. Data for biomass included in biogas plant, basic configuration, 2015, is inluded below. Source: Reference [5]."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biomass","Share, 2015","Share, 2020","Price per ton (€), incl transport"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Manure (pig and cattle)",0.79800000000000004,0.83789139679172331,3.3557046979865772]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Deep bed material",0.08,8.4638327610316366E-2,6.7114093959731544]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Manure, stable",6.0999999999999999E-2,2.4390632528287944E-3,6.7114093959731544]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Straw",0,0,67.382550335570471]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Industrial organic waste",0.01,1.2008799662457062E-2,40.268456375838923]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Household waste",1.6E-2,1.2462465427483218E-2,18.859060402684563]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Energy crops",0,0,34.899328859060404]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Other",3.5000000000000003E-2,5.0559947255191202E-2,27.919463087248321]
[]
["F","For compatibility with the template the energy of the biogas output is assumed to be 100%. (For most of the input material a calorific value is not relevant)"]
["G","A calorific value of methane of 35.9 MJ/Nm3 is used. The input material composition and the output is assumed constant after 2020."]
["H","Learning curve effects have been assumed 2015-2020: 10% reductions, 2020-2030: 10% reductions, 2030-2050: 10% reductions"]
["I","Learning curve effects have been assumed 2015-2020: 5% reductions, 2020-2030: 5% reductions, 2030-2050: 5% reductions"]
["J","Corresponding to 2% of the produced biogas, wit lower value 0.8% and upper value 4.2%. This will vary and can be reduced."]
["K","The cost of auxiliary electricity consumption is calculated using the following electricity prices in €/MWh: 2015: 63, 2020: 69, 2030: 101, 2050: 117. These prices include production costs and transport tariffs, but not any taxes or subsidies for renewable energy."]
["References:"]
[5,null,null,null,null,"\"Udvikling og effektivisering af biogasproduktionen I Danmark – Delrapport 1 og 2”, Danish Energy Agency Biogas Taskforce 2015."]
[8,null,null,null,null,"”Anvendelse af biogas til el- og varmeproduktion, analyser for Biogas Taskforce”, Ea Energianalyse, 2014"]
[9,null,null,null,null,"\"Biomasse til biogasanlæg i Danmark - på kort og langt sigt\", Agrotech, November 2013"]
[12,null,null,null,null,"”Miljøeffekter af metanlækage på biogasanlæg”, Agrotek, 2015"]

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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index","Biogas plant, additional straw input in the feedstock mix"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Technology","Biogas plant, additional straw input in the feedstock mix"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas from additional straw (MW output)",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"A B"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"- Inputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Straw input (% of additional output)",1.9941088796192754,1.8192614557560789,1.8192614557560789,1.8192614557560789,null,null,null,null,"A B","5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Straw input (tons per year)",4336.9805260464464,3956.7054668085311,3956.7054668085311,3956.7054668085311]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Auxilliary electricity input (% of additional output)",3.1240122282366525E-2,2.8500926364796616E-2,2.8500926364796616E-2,2.8500926364796616E-2,null,null,null,null,null,"5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Auxilliary electricity input (kWh/ton straw)",63,63,63,63,null,null,null,null,"A"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Additional process heat (% of additional output)",9.2086572813314966E-3,8.4012239363742813E-3,8.4012239363742813E-3,8.4012239363742813E-3,null,null,null,null,null,"5/8/9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Auxilliary process heat (kWh/ton straw input)",18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,null,null,null,null,"A"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"- Outputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas (%)",1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,"A C"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas (GJ/ton straw input)",7.27,7.97,7.97,7.97,null,null,null,null,"A C","9"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Residual organic material",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Planned outage (days per year)",10,10,10,10]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Technical lifetime (years)",20,20,20,20]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Construction time (years)",1,1,1,1]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Investment (€/MW)",407676.16944836598,371930.31388000195,371930.31388000195,371930.31388000195,null,null,null,null,"AEG"," 8/5"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Investment (€/ton straw input/year)",94,94,94,94,null,null,null,null,"AEG"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Total O&M (€/MW/year)",{"$f":"I30*I10","v":47386.621139570423},{"$f":"J30*J10","v":44727.302826015723},52704.021047101713,56692.380157644715,null,null,null,null,"AFG","8/5"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Total O&M (€/ton straw input/year)",{"$f":"SUM(I31:I33)","v":10.926177983733686},{"$f":"SUM(J31:J33)","v":11.304177983733688},13.320177983733686,14.328177983733687,null,null,null,null,"AFG"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"- of which O&M, excl el. and heat (€/(ton input/year))",6.5471779837336861,6.5471779837336861,6.5471779837336861,6.5471779837336861]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"- of which electricity (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"63*I12/1000","v":3.9689999999999999},{"$f":"69*J12/1000","v":4.3470000000000004},{"$f":"101*K12/1000","v":6.3630000000000004},{"$f":"117*L12/1000","v":7.3710000000000004},null,null,null,null,"K"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"- of which heat (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"0.0220430107526882*I14","v":0.41000000000000059},{"$f":"0.0220430107526882*J14","v":0.41000000000000059},0.41000000000000059,0.41000000000000059]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Technology Specific data"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Methane emission (Nm3 CH4 input/year)",4,4.4000000000000004,4.4000000000000004,4.4000000000000004,1.8,9.1999999999999993,1.8,9.1999999999999993,"H","12"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"500/7.48","v":66.844919786096256}," - of which proces electricity",{"$f":"#REF!*100","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"J37","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"K37","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},null,null,null,null,"A, E","8/13"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Notes:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"A","The data sheet shows the expected energy output and values for the input of industrial organic waste specifically. The values refer to a virtual part of a total plant processing the straw. A plant including increased share of straw may be composed by adding a basic plant part and straw processing part."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"B","Values are assumed valid for adding a smaller part of straw to a total plant. Maximum share not assessed."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"C","For compatibility with the template the energy of the biogas output is assumed to be 100%. (For the input material a calorific value is not relevant)","For compatibility with the template the energy of the biogas output is assumed to be 100%. (For the input material a calorific value is not relevant)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"D",null,"The energy content of residual organic material has not been evaluated due to lack of sources."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"E","Investment in straw preparation equipment (57 Eur/ton/year) and proportional share of basic plant included. Biogas processing time is 25 days"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"F","All O&M considered fixed, assuming 8760 hours operation per year. Does not include fuel for process heat, electricity, biomass purchase and transport, see e.g. [5] and [8]. "]
[null,null,null,null,null,"G","The value will vary with the quality of the input. Assumed average value used corresponding to 320 Nm3 CH4 / ton VS, TS 42%, vs/ts 90%. [8]."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"H","Learning curve effects have not been considered. Will depend on actrual deployment of technology."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"J","Corresponding to 2% of the produced biogas, wit lower value 0.8% and upper value 4.2%. This will vary and can be reduced."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"K","The cost of auxiliary electricity consumption is calculated using the following electricity prices in €/MWh: 2015: 63, 2020: 69, 2030: 101, 2050: 117. These prices include production costs and transport tariffs, but not any taxes or subsidies for renewable energy."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"References:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,5,null,"\"Udvikling og effektivisering af biogasproduktionen I Danmark – Delrapport 1 og 2”, Danish Energy Agency Biogas Taskforce 2015."]
[null,null,null,null,null,8,null,"”Anvendelse af biogas til el- og varmeproduktion, analyser for Biogas Taskforce”, Ea Energianalyse, 2014"]
[null,null,null,null,null,9,null,"\"Biomasse til biogasanlæg i Danmark - på kort og langt sigt\", Agrotech, November 2013"]
[null,null,null,null,null,12,null,"”Miljøeffekter af metanlækage på biogasanlæg”, Agrotek, 2015"]

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[null,null,"Technology ","Biogas plant, additional industrial organic waste in the feedstock mix"]
[]
[null,null,"Technology","Biogas plant, additional industrial organic waste in the feedstock mix"]
[null,null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,null,"Biogas from additional ind. organic waste (MW output)",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"A B"]
[]
[null,null,"- Inputs"]
[null,null,"Ind. organic waste input (% of additional output)","125-200%","125-200%","125-200%","125-200%",null,null,null,null,"L"]
[null,null,"Ind. organic waste input (tons per year)",6529.1925465838513,6529.1925465838513,6529.1925465838513,6529.1925465838513,null,null,null,null,null,5]
[null,null,"Aux. electricity (% of additional output)",7.6770186335403728E-3,7.6770186335403728E-3,7.6770186335403728E-3,7.6770186335403728E-3,null,null,null,null,null,"5"]
[null,null,"Aux. electricity (kWh/ton waste input)",10.3,10.3,10.3,10.3,null,null,null,null,"A"]
[null,null,"Aux. process heat (% of additional output)",1.3863354037267081E-2,1.3863354037267081E-2,1.3863354037267081E-2,1.3863354037267081E-2,null,null,null,null,null,"5"]
[null,null,"Aux. process heat (kWh/ton waste input))",18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,18.600000000000001,null,null,null,null,"A"]
[]
[null,null,"- Outputs"]
[null,null,"Biogas (% of total input)",1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,"A C"]
[null,null,"Biogas (GJ/ton ind. org. waste  input)",4.83,4.83,4.83,4.83,null,null,null,null,"ACG","5/9"]
[null,null,"Residual organic material",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D"]
[]
[null,null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0]
[null,null,"Planned outage (days per year)",10,10,10,10]
[null,null,"Technical lifetime (years)",20,20,20,20]
[null,null,"Construction time (years)",1,1,1,1]
[]
[null,null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,null,"Investment (€/MW output)",276050.42016806721,276050.42016806721,276050.42016806721,276050.42016806721,null,null,null,null,"AEH","8/5"]
[null,null,"Investment (€/ton waste input / year)",42.279411764705877,42.279411764705877,42.279411764705877,42.279411764705877,null,null,null,null,"AEH"]
[null,null,"Total O&M (€/MW/year)",{"$f":"D30*D10","v":49500.2802219816},{"$f":"E30*E10","v":49903.784321360479},52055.806184714507,53131.817116391525,null,null,null,null,"AFH","8/5"]
[null,null,"Total O&M (€/ton waste input/year)",{"$f":"D31+D32+D33","v":7.5813785347593576},{"$f":"E31+E32+E33","v":7.6431785347593575},7.9727785347593567,8.1375785347593563,null,null,null,null,"AFH"]
[null,null,"- of which O&M, excl el. and heat (€/(ton input/year))",6.5224785347593564,6.5224785347593564,6.5224785347593564,6.5224785347593564]
[null,null,"- of which electricity (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"63*D12/1000","v":0.64890000000000014},{"$f":"69*E12/1000","v":0.7107},{"$f":"101*F12/1000","v":1.0403000000000002},{"$f":"117*G12/1000","v":1.2051000000000001},null,null,null,null,"K"]
[null,null,"- of which heat (€/(ton input/year))",{"$f":"0.0220430107526882*D14","v":0.41000000000000059},{"$f":"0.0220430107526882*E14","v":0.41000000000000059},0.41000000000000059,0.41000000000000059]
[]
[null,null,"Technology Specific data"]
[null,null,"Methane emission (Nm3 CH4 input/year)",4,4.4000000000000004,4.4000000000000004,4.4000000000000004,1.8,9.1999999999999993,1.8,9.1999999999999993,"H","12"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Notes:"]
["A","The data sheet shows the expected energy output and values for the input of industrial organic waste specifically. The values refer to a virtual part of a total plant processing the industrial organic waste. A plant including including increased share of industrial organic waste may be composed by adding a basic plant part and an ind. org. waste processing part."]
["B","Values are assumed valid for adding a smaller part of straw to a total plant. Maximum share not assessed."]
["C","For compatibility with the template the energy of the biogas output is assumed to be 100%. (For the input material a calorific value is not relevant)","For compatibility with the template the energy of the biogas output is assumed to be 100%. (For the input material a calorific value is not relevant)"]
["D",null,"The energy content of residual organic material has not been evaluated due to lack of sources."]
["E","Investment in straw preparation equipment (57 Eur/ton/year) and proportional share of basic plant included. Biogas processing time is 25 days"]
["F","All O&M considered fixed, assuming 8760 hours operation per year. Does not include fuel for process heat, electricity, biomass purchase and transport, see e.g. [5] and [8]. O&M costs for straw processing equipment, 10 Eur/ton/year, and proportional share of basic plant included."]
["G","The value will vary with the quality of the input. Assumed average value used corresponding to 320 Nm3 CH4 / ton VS, TS 42%, vs/ts 90%. [8]."]
["H","Learning curve effects have not been considered. Will depend on actrual deployment of technology."]
["J","Calculated with a constant production 8760 hours per year"]
["K",null,"The cost of auxiliary electricity consumption is calculated using the following electricity prices in €/MWh: 2015: 63, 2020: 69, 2030: 101, 2050: 117. These prices include production costs and transport tariffs, but not any taxes or subsidies for renewable energy."]
["L",null,"The conversion efficiency  depends on the specific types of industrial waste used at the biogas plants. "]
[null,null,"Fatty biomasses may be converted with high efficiences (>70 %) whereas for example the conversion of protein rich biomasses is closer to 50 %."]
[]
["References:"]
[5,null,"\"Udvikling og effektivisering af biogasproduktionen I Danmark – Delrapport 1 og 2”, Danish Energy Agency Biogas Taskforce 2015."]
[8,null,"”Anvendelse af biogas til el- og varmeproduktion, analyser for Biogas Taskforce”, Ea Energianalyse, 2014"]
[9,null,"\"Biomasse til biogasanlæg i Danmark - på kort og langt sigt\", Agrotech, November 2013"]
[12,null,"”Miljøeffekter af metanlækage på biogasanlæg”, Agrotek, 2015"]

{"sheet":"82 Biogas, upgrading","index":4,"n_rows":70,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":70,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[65,5,65,15],[66,5,66,15],[67,5,67,15],[68,5,68,15],[69,5,69,15],[61,5,61,15],[48,1,48,11],[49,1,49,11],[52,1,52,15],[53,1,53,11],[54,1,54,11],[55,1,55,15],[56,1,56,15],[57,1,57,15],[58,1,58,15],[59,5,59,15],[60,5,60,15],[47,1,47,11],[1,6,1,14],[2,6,2,15],[3,10,3,11],[3,12,3,13],[45,1,45,11]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology ","Biogas upgrading"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology","Biogas upgrading"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Typical total size (MJ output/s)",5.92218,5.92218,5.92218,5.92218,null,null,null,null,"A G"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Typical total size (Nm3 biogas/h)",1000,1000,1000,1000,null,null,null,null,"A B","1/4"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Capacity (Nm3 biomethane/h)",594,594,594,594,null,null,null,null,"A B"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- Inputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biogas (% of biogas input)",1,100,100,100]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Auxilliary electricity for upgrading (% of biogas input)",4.3129388164493486E-2,4.3129388164493486E-2,2.1564694082246743E-2,2.1564694082246743E-2,3.2347041123370113E-2,4.3129388164493486E-2,1.6173520561685056E-2,3.2347041123370113E-2,"A D J","1/2/4/7"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Auxilliary electricity for compression (% of biogas input)",1.0030090270812439E-2,1.0030090270812439E-2,1.0030090270812439E-2,1.0030090270812439E-2,null,null,null,null,"A F","2/4"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Heat (% of biogas input)",0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,null,"2/4"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- Outputs"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Biomethane (% of biogas input)",0.99,0.99,1,1,null,null,null,null,"I",2]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Waste gas (% of biogas input)",0.01,0.01,1E-3,1E-3,null,null,null,null,"I"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Waste heat (% of biogas input)",5.2999999999999999E-2,5.2999999999999999E-2,3.2000000000000001E-2,3.2000000000000001E-2]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Forced outage (weeks per year)",1,1,1,1]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",1,1,1,1]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technical lifetime (years)",15,15,15,15]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Construction time (years)",0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Specific investment, upgrading and methane reduction (€/MJ/s input)",335000,302000,272000,245000,268000,318000,172000,287000,"C D","1/2/5/7"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Specific investment, grid injection at 40bar  (€/MJ/s input)",134000,121000,109000,98000,107000,127000,69000,115000,"F",5]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Fixed O&M  (€/MJ/s input / year)",11800,10600,9500,8600,9400,11200,6000,10100,null,2]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which fixed O&M costs upgrading and methane reduction, excl. el.  (€/MJ/s input / year)",8400,7600,6800,6100,6700,8000,4300,7200,null,2]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which fixed O&M costs grid injection, excl. el.  (€/MJ/s input / year)",3400,3000,2700,2500,2700,3200,1700,2900,"H",2]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Variable O&M ((€/GJ input)",0.92999554218210201,1.0252396077120252,0.88439067201604815,1.0229689067201606,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"- of which electricity (€/GJ input)",0.92999554218210201,1.0252396077120252,0.88439067201604815,1.0229689067201606,null,null,null,null,"E","2/4/7"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Technology specific data"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Methane slip / emission (%)",0.01,0.01,1E-3,1E-3,null,null,null,null,"I",2]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Minimum load (% of full load)",50,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,7]
[null,null,null,null,null,"CO2 removal, %",98.5,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["References:"]
[1,"\"Technology Data for Energy Plants – Generation of Electricity and District Heating, Energy Storage and Energy Carrier Generation and Conversion.\", certain updates in October 2013, and January 2014, Danish Energy Agency, May 2012."]
[2,"Biogas upgrading – Review of commercial technologies. SGC Rapport 2013:270. SGC, 2013 ",null,null,null,"\"Biogas upgrading – Review of commercial technologies\", SGC Rapport 2013:270, SGC, 2013 ."]
[4,"\"Biogas upgrading technologies – developments and innovations, Task 37 – Energy from biogas and landfill gas\". IEA Bioenergy, 2009."]
[5,"”Anvendelse af biogas til el- og varmeproduktion”, Ea Energianalyse, 2014."]
[7,"”Introduktion til produktion af biometan fra biogas”, Biometan Regioner, 2013."]
[]
["Notes:"]
["A","Corresponding to 1.000 Nm3 biogas input, assuming a methane content of the raw biogas of 60% and an average gross conversion efficiency of approx. 98,5%."]
["B","Values are assumed valid for a range 500-1,500 Nm3 biomethane per hour"]
["C","Values include upgrading, methane reduction and grid injection facilities"]
["D","Based on a water-scrubber technology based plant, alternative technologies have comparable values in terms of total upgrading costs.\nFor a plant of double capacity (2000 Nm3/h) the realtive price is expected to be 20-25% lower [1,3]"]
["E","The cost of auxiliary electricity consumption is calculated using the following electricity prices in €/MWh: 2015: 63, 2020: 69, 2030: 101, 2050: 117.  These prices include production costs and transport tariffs, but not any taxes or subsidies for renewable energy."]
["F","Injection in natural gas grid at 40 bar"]
["G","Based on a lower calorfic value of 36 MJ/Nm3 and 8760 hours per year"]
["H",null,null,null,null,"O&M costs are estimated to 2.5% of investment per year, in accodance with [2]"]
["I ",null,null,null,null,"Assuming that, by 2030, methane slip can be reduced to levels seen today for amin scrubbing technology. Methane slip is assumed to be the same as waste gas assuming that the plant is not equipped with a regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) plant. If the  the off-gas from the upgrading plant is treated with a regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) plant the methane slip can be eliminated."]
["J",null,null,null,null,"Assuming that, by 2030, one or more of the newer and currently less developled technologies (e.g. cryogenic and membrane technologies) will take over."]
[null,null,null,null,null,"This can lead to a 50% reduction of the electricity consumption, which is already achievable today with the amine scrubbing technology."]
[]
["References:"]
[1,null,null,null,null,"“Biogas upgrading – Technical review, Energiforsk report 2016:275, Energiforsk AB, 2016."]
[2,null,null,null,null,"“Biogas upgrading – Review of commercial technologies”, SGC Rapport 2013:270, SGC, 2013. "]
[4,null,null,null,null,"“Biogas upgrading technologies – developments and innovations. Task 37 – Energy from biogas and landfill gas”, Petersson & Wellinger, IEA Bioenergy, 2009. "]
[5,null,null,null,null,"”Anvendelse af biogas til el- og varmeproduktion”, Ea Energianalyse, 2014."]
[7,null,null,null,null,"”Introduktion til produktion af biometan fra biogas”, Biometan Regioner, 2013."]

{"sheet":"83 Gasif. Fixed Bed, Producer ","index":5,"n_rows":46,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":46,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[32,1,32,11],[0,2,0,11],[2,2,2,11],[3,6,3,7],[3,8,3,9],[31,1,31,11],[42,1,42,11],[43,1,43,11],[44,1,44,11],[45,1,45,11],[35,1,35,11],[36,1,36,11],[37,1,37,11],[39,1,39,11],[40,1,40,11],[41,1,41,11]]}
[null,"Technology ","Gasifier, biomass, producer gas, small - medium scale"]
[]
[null,"Technology",{"$f":"C1","v":"Gasifier, biomass, producer gas, small - medium scale"}]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref."]
[null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Typical fuel input capacity, one unit (MWth)",20,20,20,20,null,null,null,null,"A","1,2,8"]
[]
[null,"- Input"]
[null,"Biomass (% of input capacity)",98,98,98,98]
[null,"Electricity (% of input capacity)",2,2,2,2]
[]
[null,"- Output"]
[null,"Producer gas (% of fuel input)",74,75,77,83,60,80,80,90,"C","3,4,5,8,11"]
[null,"Heat (% of input)",10,10,9,5,null,null,null,null,"B","3,4,5,8,11"]
[]
[null,"Unplanned outage (%)",5,5,5,5,null,null,null,null,null,"1,2,8"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",3,3,3,3,null,null,null,null,null,"1,2,8"]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",20,20,20,20,null,null,null,null,null,"1,2,8"]
[null,"Construction time (years)","1.5","1.5","1.5","1.5",null,null,null,null,null,"1,2,8"]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€/MWth)",1.4,1.3,1.2,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.8,0.7,1.4,"D","1,3,4,5"]
[null," - of which equipment","-"]
[null," - of which installation","-"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€/MWth/year)",21000,20000,18000,16200,15000,24900,12100,20200,"D","1,3,4,5"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€/MWhth)",2.6,2.5,2.2000000000000002,2,1.7,3.3,1.4,2.7,"D","1,3,4,5"]
[]
[null,"Technology specific data"]
[null,"Minimum load (% of full load)",20,20,20,20,null,null,null,null,null,8]
[]
["References:"]
[]
["[18]","“Handbook Biomass Gasification”, Edited by H.A.M. Knoef, BTG biomass technology group, 2005."]
[3,"IEA Task 32, Workshop State of the art technologies for small biomass co-generation, 2010"]
[4,"http://www.volund.dk/Biomass_energy/Technologies/Gasification_of_biomass"]
[5,"BioSynergi, telefonkontakt Henrik Houman"]
[]
[]
["Notes:"]
["A","The stated capacity is the upper range, down scaling is possible."]
["B","With flue gas condensation, considering lower heating value of biomass fuel."]
["C","Producer gas primarily consists of the components N2, H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and water. Calorific value 5 - 6 MJ/Nm3. For some references ([3], [4]) the electric efficincy has been used to calculate gasifier efficiencies, assuming an engine efficiency of 42%."]
["D","Fixed bed gasifiers are usually integrated with an internal combustion gas engine gen-set. Sources are for total project including gas engine and the engine part has been deducted at 1.33 M€/Mwe and 42% efficiency.\nIt is assumed that the accumulated production capacity will increase by 40 % between 2015 and 2020, double between 2020 and 2030 and between 2030 and 2050. A learning curve progress rate of 90 % is assumed this yields a 5 % decrease in investment costs between 2015 and 2020, 10 % reduction between 2020 and 2030 and between 2030 and 2050. Similar progress ratios have been used for O&M costs."]
["E","The values in [9] have been used (sh. 85) but adjusted to keep overall yearly O&M costs at 3% of investment"]
["F","The values in [9] have been used. Variable O&M for a Staged down draft gasifier (sh. 85) have been subtracted O&M of a  gas engine (sh. 06)."]
["G","Efficiencies are expected to improve gradually from presently demonstrated levels, to cold gas efficiencies of 85% in 2050. It is assumed that a total efficiency of 90% can be obtained in 2050."]

{"sheet":"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG","index":6,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[41,1,41,11],[0,2,0,11],[2,2,2,11],[2,18,2,23],[3,6,3,7],[3,8,3,9],[4,17,4,23],[5,18,5,23],[36,1,36,11],[37,1,37,11],[38,1,38,11],[39,1,39,11],[50,1,50,11],[44,1,44,11],[45,1,45,11],[46,1,46,11],[47,1,47,11],[48,1,48,11],[49,1,49,11]]}
[null,"Technology "," CFB (Circulating fluid bed) gasifiers , biomass, bio-SNG, medium - large scale"]
[]
[null,"Technology","Gasifier, biomass, bio-SNG, medium - large scale"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Typical fuel input capacity, one unit (MWth)",32,154,400,400,null,null,null,null,null,"12;13"]
[]
[null,"- Input",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"B"]
[null,"Biomass (% of input capacity)",91,100,100,100]
[null,"Electricity (% of input capacity)",9,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"B"]
[]
[null,"- Output",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"B"]
[null,"Bio SNG (% of fuel input)",56,60,63,70,58,65,65,75,"G","21;19;13/17/19;"]
[null,"Heat (% of input)",15,20,22,20,null,null,null,null,"H","21;19;13/17/19;"]
[]
[null,"Unplanned outage (%)",3,3,3,3]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",3,3,3,3]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",15,20,20,20]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€/MWth)",4,2.5,1.6,1.5,1.8,3,1.4,2.6,"E","12+21;12+19+13;15/17"]
[null," - of which equipment","-"]
[null," - of which installation","-"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€/MWth/year)",80500,40200,26200,24100,30200,50300,18100,30200,"F","12/21;12/21+13/17/19"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€/MWhth)",5.3,2.7,1.7,1.6,1.8,3.5,1.1000000000000001,2.1,"F","12/21;12/21+13/17/19"]
[]
[null,"Technology specific data"]
[null,"Warm start-up time (hours)",6,6,6,6,null,null,null,null,"C"]
[null,"Cold start-up time (hours)",12,12,12,12,null,null,null,null,"C"]
[]
[null,"Environment"]
[null,"NOX (g per GJ fuel) ",16,20,20,20,null,null,null,null,"D","23, 29"]
[null,"CH4 (g per GJ fuel)",0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"D",29]
[null,"N2O (g per GJ fuel)",0.3,1,1,0,null,null,null,null,"D","23, 29"]
["References:"]
[1,"Commissioning of the GoBiGas 20 MW biomethane plant. Thuman 2015"]
[2,"Forgasning – Fase 2. Økonomi, videnindhentning og samarbejde. DGC Februar 2012."]
[3,"Gassner & Marechal, 2012"]
[4,"Bio2G - A full scale reference plant in Sweden for production of bio-SNG, E.ON (Möller) 2013."]
[5,"Tunå & Hulteberg, 2014."]
[6,"Force, Technology data for advanced bioenergy fuels, 2013"]
["Notes:"]
["A","With flue gas condensation"]
["B","Generally the plants' electricity generation is assumed to balance the consumption"]
["C","Assumed to be in the same magnitude as a coal fired power plant"]
["D","2015 data for NOX and N2O origin from [23]. Other values are assumed to be in the same magnitude as a biomass fired PF power plant (pellets)"]
["E","For 2015, values reflect the 20 MWgas Swedish GoBiGas Phase 1 demonstration project. A proportionality factor of 0.7 is assumed to apply when going from 2015 to 2020 based on the anticipated upscaling from 20 MWgas to 100 MWgas [21]. For 2030, the figure is an average of a value from theoretical studies [17] multiplied by 1.4 and a value from feasibility studies [19] multiplied by 1.15. From 2030 to 2050 simply a reduction of 10% has been assumed to reflect a learning curve."]
["F","Assumed that the total O&M costs splits in 1/3 variable, 2/3 fixed costs, 8000 h/year"]
["G","Efficiencies are expected to improve gradually from presently demonstrated level, to values corresponding to various studies for large plants in 2030, and gradual increase to 2050. It is assumed that a total efficiency of 90% can be obtained."]
["H","Heat at normal district heating temprature set 80/50 deg. Additional low temperature heat for heat pumps is possible. For uncertainty values, a higher heat output can be expected at low gas output and vice versa."]

{"sheet":"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, Bio Di ","index":7,"n_rows":59,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":59,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[28,1,28,11],[0,2,0,11],[2,2,2,11],[3,6,3,7],[3,8,3,9],[20,1,20,11],[40,1,40,11],[41,1,41,11],[42,1,42,11],[32,1,32,11],[35,1,35,11],[36,1,36,11],[37,1,37,8],[38,1,38,7],[39,1,39,11]]}
[null,"Technology ","Gasifier, biomass, Fischer Tropsch biodiesel, large scale"]
[]
[null,"Technology","Gasifier, biomass, Fischer Tropsch biodiesel, large scale"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,"Energy/technical data",null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Typical fuel input capacity, one unit (MWth)","N/A",500,1000,1000,null,null,null,null,"A","25/26"]
[]
[null,"- Input"]
[null,"Biomass (% of input capacity)",null,100,100,100,null,null,null,null,null,"25, 26"]
[null,"Electricity (% of input capacity)",null,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"B"]
[]
[null,"- Output",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"B"]
[null,"Bio Diesel (% of fuel input)",null,45,50,55,46,55,50,57,"G","13+17; 13+17+26/9"]
[null,"Heat (% of input)",null,30,35,35,null,null,null,null,"H","13+17; 13+17"]
[]
[null,"Unplanned outage (weeks per year)",null,3,3,3]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",null,3,3,3,null,null,null,null,"C"]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",null,20,20,20]
[null,"Construction time (years)",null,2.5,2.5,2.5]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€/MWth)",null,2.5,2.1,1.9,1.9,3.2,1.1000000000000001,2.2999999999999998,"E","13+17; 13+17+26/9"]
[null," - of which equipment","-"]
[null," - of which installation","-"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€/MWth/year)",null,52900,43600,39200,39700,66200,29400,49000,"F","13+17; 13+16+17"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€/MWhth)",null,1,0.8,0.7,0.6,1.3,0.5,0.9,"F","13+17; 13+16+17"]
[]
["References:"]
[1,"Force, Technology data for advanced bioenergy fuels, 2013"]
[2,"Tunå & Hulteberg, 2014)"]
[3,"Boerrigter, 2006"]
[4,"IPT Biosyngas project Brazil, 2012"]
[5,"Biomass-to-liquids by the Fischer Tropsch process, Rytter et. Al 2013"]
[]
["Notes:"]
["A","Very limited demonstration of the technology presently exists. Uncerties are generally high."]
["B","Generally the plants' electricity generation is assumed to balance the consumption. Output of gasoline is counted as biodisesel"]
["C","Assumed to be in the same magnitude as a coal fired power plant"]
["D","Assumed to be in the same magnitude as a biomasse fired PF plant"]
["E","For 2020, the figure is an average of values from theoretical studies [17], [27] adjusted for inflation and multiplied by 1.4. A scale effect with a proportionality factor of 0.72 has been assumed for projecting from 2020 to 2030. From 2030 to 2050 simply a reduction of 10% has been assumed to reflect a learning curve."]
["F","It is assumed that the total O&M costs splits in 1/3 variable, 2/3 fixed costs, 8000 h/year and that the O&M costs follow the decrease in ivestment costs"]
["G","Efficiencies are based on various studies for large plants. Expected to increase gradually. It is assumed that a total efficiency of 90% can be obtained. "]
["H","Heat at normal district heating temprature set 80/50 deg. Additional low temperature heat for heat pumps is possible. For uncertainty values, a higher heat output can be expected at low biodiesel output and vice versa."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,0]

{"sheet":"86 SOEC","index":8,"n_rows":64,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":64,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[46,1,46,11],[40,1,40,11],[41,1,41,11],[42,1,42,11],[43,1,43,11],[44,1,44,11],[45,1,45,11],[39,1,39,11],[1,2,1,11],[2,6,2,7],[2,8,2,9],[7,1,7,11],[10,1,10,11],[19,1,19,11],[27,1,27,11],[35,1,35,11],[36,1,36,11],[37,1,37,11],[38,1,38,11]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell)"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size (MW input)",0.25,1,15,50,null,null,null,null,"A"]
[]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"A) Electricity input (% total size)",85,85,85,85,null,null,null,null,"A","7, 18"]
[null,"B) Heat input (% total size)",15,15,15,15,null,null,null,null,"A","7, 18"]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"A) Hydrogen output (% total size)",68,76,79,79,{"$f":"D12-D12*0.05","v":72.2},{"$f":"D12+D12*0.05","v":79.8},{"$f":"F12-F12*0.05","v":75.05},{"$f":"F12+F12*0.05","v":82.95},"B","1, *"]
[null,"B) Heat output (% total size)",3,3,1.5,1.5,null,null,null,null,"C"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)"]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)","NA",20,20,30]
[null,"Construction time (years)",0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"DTU conservative estimate"]
[null,"Specific investment (M€-2015 per MW input)","NA",2.2000000000000002,0.6,0.4,1.35,3,0.25,1.5,"G","4, 5, 6, 7, 11,13,14"]
[null," - hereof equipment (%)","NA",45,37,35,null,null,null,null,"H, I"]
[null," - hereof installation (%)","NA",55,63,65,null,null,null,null,"J"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€-2015 per MW input per year)","NA",{"$f":"0.03*(D22*10^6)","v":66000},{"$f":"0.03*(E22*10^6)","v":18000},12000,{"$f":"0.02*(D22*10^6)","v":44000},{"$f":"0.05*(D22*10^6)","v":110000},{"$f":"0.02*(F22*10^6)","v":8000},{"$f":"0.05*(F22*10^6)","v":20000},"K, L","10, 13"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€-2015 per MWh input)",0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Operating temperature (degC)",775,750,675,650,null,null,null,null,"D, E","1, 2"]
[null,"Stack lifetime (years)",null,5,7,10]
[null,"Ramp up time, linear to full load (minutes)",1,1,1,1]
[null,"Ramp down time, linear to full load (minutes)",1,1,1,1]
[null,"Start-up time (minutes)",60,60]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
["A","A plant operating in thermoneutral mode is assumed. Heat input for vaporizing the water is assumed and electricity for the remaining input [7]. The heat supplied to an unpressurized stack should be >100C. For a stack pressurized at 5 bar the heat should be supplied at >150C."]
["B","It is assumed that the best operating strategy is to maintain efficiency throughout the lifetime and to compensate the small resistance increase occurring over the lifetime of the stack by reducing the production rate. The drop in production capacity can be reduced by allowing operation at increased temperature towards the end of life of the stacks."]
["C","If the supplied water to the SOEC is in the form of steam at 150°C the electrical efficiency of electrolysis is increased by approximately ~17% (relative). This is relevant since waste heat at this temperature would be available, e.g. if the electrolysis is run together with a methanation or a methanol plant."]
["D","Most of the ohmic heat created in the stack will be consumed by the electrolysis reaction, which is endothermic. By running the SOEC stack very close to thermo-neutral voltage only little heat can be extracted. The value for 2015 is predicted after communication with Haldor Topose. "]
["E","Increasing temperature may be necessary during operation in order to circumvent decreasing production rate due to degradation. In general the preferred operation temperature is expected to go down as technology improves towards 2050."]
["F","For 250kW module construction time (stack production, mounting) is approximately 6 months (Sunfire: Danilo Schimanke, date: 22/01-2015)."]
["G","The turnkey price is made from estimates of the following cost factors; SOEC stack, heat exchangers, blower, pump, piping, electronics, delivery, land, contingency, contractors, legal fees, construction, engineering, yard improvements, buildings, electrics, piping, instrumentation and installation and grid connection (as described in ref 13), using the same assumptions that are detailed in reference [9]. Additionally, estimates from [10] and [17] are considered as well. The cost associated with grid connection is assumed to be 0.05 k€/kW [6]. Due to the uncertainties related to overcoming the technical challenges in the short to medium term, and the uncertainty regarding the market and related economy of scale effects, the central price estimate for 2030 is higher than described in ref 13, namely, 1.0 million EUR/MW, which is in lign with the projection from ref 17."]
["H","The SOEC stack costs predicted here are based on the detailed cost assessments of SOFC modules reported in references [4,5]. It has been documented that SOEC’s can run at much higher power density compared to SOFC’s. Here it is assumed that the SOEC stacks can be operated at four times the power density used for SOFC in the reference material [4,5] and a production volume between 5 and 10 MW/year in 2020, that increases 25 times to between 100 and 250 MW/year in 2050. This gives a SOEC stack cost of 376 €/kW in 2020, 43 €/kW in 2030 and 36 €/kW in 2050, where the dominating price reduction factor, between 2020 and 2050, comes from mass production of the stacks."]
["I","From the turnkey price the following expenses are included in the equipment cost: SOEC stack, heat exchangers, blower, pump, piping, electronics and delivery."]
["J","The expenses not included in the equipment price are included in the installation cost, that is: land, contingency, contractors, legal fees, construction, engineering, yard improvements, buildings, electrics, piping, instrumentation and installation and grid connection."]
["K","The O&M is assumed to be 3% of the turnkey price per year. Included in this number is the replacement cost of SOEC stacks which is less than 1% of the turnkey price per year of the assumed lifetime of the system. A O&M cost of 2% and 5% is assumed for lower and upper uncertainty, respectively. "]
["L","The O&M cost is composed of 5%, 2% and 1.64% of the turnkey price per year for a plant size of 1 MW, 15 MW and 50 MW respectively [13], in addition to the cost of exchanging stacks over the technical lifetime of the plant."]
[]
[null,"References:"]
["[1]","Partnerskabet for brint og brændselsceller, Elektrolyse i Danmark, 2009"]
["[2]","SOEC Roadmap Steam electrolysis, version 0.5, 2012 http://www.hydrogennet.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF-filer/Partnerskabet/Strategier/SOEC-roadmap_steam_electrolysis_Final1.pdf"]
["[3]","SOEC Roadmap Co- electrolysis, version 0.5, 2012 http://www.hydrogennet.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF-filer/Partnerskabet/Strategier/SOEC-roadmap-co_electrolysis_Final1.pdf"]
["[4]","Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: “Multi – Annual Work Plan 2014-2020”, adopted 2014-06-30"]
["[5]","Thijssen, J. The Impact of Scale-Up and Production Volume on SOFC Manufacturing cost, National Energy Technology Laboratory and the US Department of Energy (DOE) 2007"]
["[6]","Thijssen, J. Natural Gas-Fueled Distributed Generation Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems, US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, and RDS 2009."]
["[7]","TECHNOLOGY DATA FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSER CELLS, ALKALI AND PEM ELECTROLYSERS, Aalborg University, 2013, Brian Vad Mathiesen et al."]
["[8]","Claus Friis Pedersen, Haldor Topsøe A/S, Personal communication."]
["[9]","\"Capital cost scaling methodology - quality guidelines for energy systems studies\" (National Energy Technology Laboratory, US, 2013)"]
["[10]","S. L. Ebbehøj, Integration of CO2 air capture and\u2028solid oxide electrolysis for methane production,  2015, DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark."]
["[13]","Mýrdal J.S.G., Hendriksen P.V., Graves C., Jensen S.H. and Nielsen E.R., DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, October 2016. “Predicting the price of solid oxide electrolysers (SOECs)“"]
["[14]","\"Technology Roadmap - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells\", 2015, International Energy Agency*"]
["[17]","\"Development of Water Electrolysis in the European Union\", 2014, E4tech with Element Energy Ltd. for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking"]
["[18]","Lasse Røngaard Clausen and Peter Vang Hendriksen, DTU, Personal communication."]
[null,"An asterisk in the reference indicate high uncertainty or \"guesstimate\", where more certain data where not available"]

{"sheet":"87 PEM Electrolyser","index":9,"n_rows":55,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":55,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[25,1,25,11],[1,2,1,11],[2,6,2,7],[2,8,2,9],[7,1,7,11],[9,1,9,11],[18,1,18,11]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","LT PEM EC (Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Cell )"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size (MWe)",1,10,10,10,null,null,null,null,"A","4, 5, 6, 7, 8"]
[]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"A) Electricity input (% total size)",100,100,100,100]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"A) Hydrogen output (% total size) (LHV)",54,58,62,67,55,60,63,72,"B, C, K","14, 15"]
[null,"B) Heat output (% total size)",null,null,12,10,null,null,null,null,"D"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)"]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",15,15,15,15]
[null,"Construction time (years)",0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€-2015 per MWe)",1.9,1.1000000000000001,0.6,0.4,0.8,1.5,0.2,0.8,"E, F"]
[null," - hereof equipment (%)",{"$f":"1.6/C20*100","v":84.21052631578948},75,67,50,null,null,null,null,"F",1]
[null," - hereof installation (%)",{"$f":"100-C21","v":15.78947368421052},25,33,50]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€-2015 per MWe a year)",{"$f":"C20*0.05*1000000","v":95000},55000.000000000007,30000,20000.000000000004,40000.000000000007,75000.000000000015,10000.000000000002,40000.000000000007," G, B",15]
[null,"Variable O&M (€-2015 per MWel)",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,"B"]
[]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Operating temperature",67,80,85,90,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[null,"Ramp up time, linear to full load (minutes)",1,0.03,0.01,0.01]
[null,"Ramp down time, linear to full load (minutes)",0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,null,null,null,null,"I"]
[null,"Start-up time (minutes)",5,0.5,0.15,0.15,null,null,null,null,"J"]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
["A","The stack size is expected to be up to 1.5 MWe by 2020"]
["B","O&M cost are estimated to be 5 % of investment cost in accordance with [15]. It has not been possible to distribute O&M cost between fixed and variable elements.  All O&M costs are therefore allocated to fixed cost which are assumed to be dominating."]
["C","LHV considered (10,797.05 kJ/Nm3)"]
["D","The waste heat is presently not utilised in large commercial systems, but IRD has proven that it is possible to utilise the waste heat in a simple design. The 2030 and 2050 numbers are estimates based on the average hydrogen production lifetime efficiencies. Improvements in efficiency will entail less waste heat to utilise. Values specified are for the beginning of the lifetime"]
["E","Cost estimates and uncertainties are based on the review of different literature sources in the technology description, section: Prediction of cost and performance."]
["F","Incl. power supply, system control, gas drying (purity above 99.4%); excl. grid connection, external compression, external purification and hydrogen storage. Central values are listed (2050 is estimated); although the range is rather large"]
["G","Including stack exchange cost"]
["H","Operational temperature and heat utilization temperature. The 2015 operational temperature is informed by Proton-On-Site 2013"]
["I","2014: Proven by IRD for a µPEMEC system"]
["J","Cold start-up time is approx. 5 minutes for state of the art plants today. Future expectations are based on [20]"]
["K","Uncertainties for efficiencies based on [14] and [15]"]
[]
[null,"References:"]
["[1]","Bertuccioli, L; Chan, A; Hart, D; Lehner, F; Madden, B & Standen, E (2014): Development of Water Electrolysis in the European Union. Final report. Available on-line at  http://www.fch-ju.eu/sites/default/files/study%20electrolyser_0-Logos_0.pdf "]
["[4]","Arico A. S., Briguglio N., Siracusano S. et al., 2013: Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis: status of technologies and potential applications in combination with renewable power sources. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 43 (2) 107-118"]
["[5]","2015: PEMEC is available in various sizes ranging from 0.00011 MWe to +1 MWe, cf. Ref.5-8"]
["[6]","Protonon site, http://protononsite.com/, 2013 "]
["[7]","Itm-power, http://www.itm-power.com/products/, 2013"]
["[8]","http://www.ceth.fr/products-PEM-electrolyser.php, 2013"]
["[14]","Mathiesen Brian Vad  et al., Aalborg University, 2013, \"TECHNOLOGY DATA FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSER CELLS, ALKALI AND PEM ELECTROLYSERS\" "]
["[15]","International Energy Agency, 2015, \"Technology Roadmap - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells\""]
["[20]","New Energy World,, 2014. FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN JOINT UNDERTAKING (FCH JU) Multi - Annual Work Plan 2014 - 2020. Adopted by the FCH2 JU Governing Board on 30/06/2014, http://www.fch.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/FCH2%20JU%20-%20Multi%20Annual%20Work%20Plan%20-%20MAWP_en_0.pdf , accessed 26-09-2017"]
["*","An asterisk in the reference indicate high uncertainty or \"guesstimate\", where more certain data where not available"]

{"sheet":"88 Alkaline Electrolyser","index":10,"n_rows":48,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":48,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[25,1,25,11],[1,2,1,11],[2,6,2,7],[2,8,2,9],[7,1,7,11],[9,1,9,11],[18,1,18,11]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","AEC - Alkaline Electrolyser"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size (MWe)",10,10,10,10,null,null,null,null,"A","1, 2"]
[]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"A) Electricity input (% total size)",100,100,100,100]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"A) Hydrogen output (% total size), at LHV",61.2,63.6,65.900000000000006,69.2,62,65,66,70,"D","1, 3, 4"]
[null,"B) Heat output (% total size)",0,14,12,8]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)"]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5]
[]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€-2015 per MWe)",1.07,0.6,0.55000000000000004,0.5,0.4,0.8,0.35,0.7,"B, E","1, 4"]
[null," - hereof equipment (%)",66,63,73,77,null,null,null,null,null,"1, 3"]
[null," - hereof installation (%)",34,37,27,23,null,null,null,null,null,1]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€-2015 per MWe a year)",{"$f":"C20*0.05*1000000","v":53500.000000000007},30000,27500.000000000004,25000,20000.000000000004,40000.000000000007,17500,35000,"B, C"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€-2015 per MWe)",0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"C"]
[]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Operating temperature",80,80,80,80,null,null,null,null,null,2]
[null,"Ramp up time, linear to full load (minutes)",8,8,0.5,0.5,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[null,"Ramp down time, linear to full load (minutes)",8,8,0.08,0.08,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
["A","Since electricity is the only input, the typical capacity plant size can be equally referred to as MJ/s or MWe"]
["B","Considering the recent drop in observed prices we consider a price of 0.6 mill EUR/MWe realistic for a medium scale plant (10 MW) by 2020 including installation and grid connection. Only a moderate cost reduction is assumed thereafter. For large scale electrolysers cost may be lower."]
["C","O&M cost are estimated to be 5 % of investment cost in accordance with [7]"]
["D","Efficiencies at lower heating value (LHV). Efficiencies for 2015 and 2020 are based on a commercial atmospherics system from NEL according to [7]. Efficiencies for 2030 and 2050 are based on expectations from GreenHydrogen according to [7]. Uncertainties for efficiencies estimated from [4] and the concepts mentioned in \"Example of market standard technology\"."]
["E","E Uncertainties for specific investments estimated from the concepts mentioned in \"Example of market standard technology\" and [5] for 2050."]
["F","Ramping data for 2015 and 2020 are based on a commercial atmospherics system from NEL according to [7]. Ramping data for 2030 and 2050 are based on expectations from GreenHydrogen according to [7], assuming the electrolysers are pressurised. Uncertainties for efficiencies estimated from [4] and the concepts mentioned in \"Example of market standard technology\"."]
[]
[null,"References:"]
["[1]","DGC Customer report December 2013, Update of technology data for energy plants; page 12"]
["[2]","Nel-hydrogen.com"]
["[3]","Study on development of water electrolysis in the EU February 2014"]
["[4]","Mathiesen Brian Vad  et al., Aalborg University, 2013, \"TECHNOLOGY DATA FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSER CELLS, ALKALI AND PEM ELECTROLYSERS\" "]
["[5]","International Energy Agency, 2015, \"Technology Roadmap - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells\""]
["[6]","DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability; Systems Analyses Power to Gas – Deliverable 1: Technology Review, June 2013"]
["[7]","Technology Data for Hydrogen Technologies”. Prepared as part of the project  “Analysis for Commercialization of Hydrogen Technologies”  under the Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP) (Ea Energianalyse, 2016)."]
["*","An asterisk in the reference indicate high uncertainty or \"guesstimate\", where more certain data where not available"]

{"sheet":"89 Vegetable oil FAME","index":11,"n_rows":64,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":64,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Vegetable Oil FAME"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t biodiesel/year",100,100,100,100,100,0.5,2,0.5,2,"A",1]
[null,"Typical total plant size MW biodiesel",125,125,125,125,125,0.5,2,0.5,2,"A1"]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"Veg Oil Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.92500000000000004,0.92600000000000005,0.92900000000000005,0.93100000000000005,0.93300000000000005,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"E,I",4]
[null,"Methanol Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",4.5999999999999999E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2,0.93,1.07,0.93,1.07,"B,E,I",4]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",4.0000000000000001E-3,4.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,2.5000000000000001E-3,2E-3,0.5,1.5,0.75,1.25,"E,I",4]
[null,"Natural Gas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",2.5000000000000001E-2,2.4E-2,2.1999999999999999E-2,0.02,1.7999999999999999E-2,0.5,1.5,0.75,1.25,"E,I",4]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Biodiesel Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.90300000000000002,0.90300000000000002,0.90300000000000002,0.90300000000000002,0.90300000000000002,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"F",4]
[null,"Glycerine  Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",3.9E-2,3.9E-2,3.9E-2,3.9E-2,3.9E-2,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"F",4]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /MW)",{"$f":"C31/1.25","v":0.51200000000000001},{"$f":"D31/1.25","v":0.504},0.496,0.49,{"$f":"G31/1.25","v":0.48},0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, J, L"]
[null,"- equipment (%)","75",75,75,75,75,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"- installation (%)","25",25,25,25,25,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /MW/year)",1.7600000000000001E-2,1.7600000000000001E-2,1.7600000000000001E-2,1.7600000000000001E-2,1.7600000000000001E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",6.77,6.77,6.77,6.77,6.77,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[null,"Start-up (M € /MW)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) biodiesel)",37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /1,000 t biodiesel/year)",0.64,0.63,0.62,0.61,0.6,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, J"]
[null,"- equipment (%)","75",75,75,75,75,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"- installation (%)","25",25,25,25,25,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /1,000 t biodiesel)",2.1999999999999999E-2,2.1999999999999999E-2,2.1999999999999999E-2,2.1999999999999999E-2,2.1999999999999999E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[null,"Variable O&M (M € /1,000 t biodiesel)",7.0000000000000007E-2,7.0000000000000007E-2,7.0000000000000007E-2,7.0000000000000007E-2,7.0000000000000007E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A. The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing vegetable oil based bio-diesel plants in EU. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces 100,000 t/year and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B. Energy input from supporting chemicals of minor amounts is not considered. "]
[null,"C. The total capital cost include total installed cost (total direct costs) and all indirect costs such as engineering, construction, contractor’s fee, contingency and working capital. "]
[null,"D. O&M costs, costs for main raw materials are not included "]
[null,"E. 2050 values are based on industry best plant in 2015. 2020 and 2030 values interpolated between 2015 and 2050 values."]
[null,"F. Total output excludes the heat loss."]
[null,"G. Estimated from Iowa State biodiesel profitability file."]
[null,"H. Best plants operate at greater than 95% of capacity."]
[null,"I. The uncertainty is one standard deviation from the average from the NBB survey."]
[null,"J. Range of capital cost is +/- 25% of mean."]
[null,"K. Operating cost is +/- 10% of mean."]
[null,"L. M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Personal Communication. 2018. T Jensen, Emmelev A/S"]
[null,"[2]     International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2012. Biofuels – At What Cost? Mandating ethanol and biodiesel consumption in Germany. https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/bf_awc_germany.pdf "]
[null,"[3]     Desmet Ballestra. 2015. Biodiesel. http://www.desmetballestra.com/images/PDF-Brochures-2014/Biodiesel2015.pdf "]
[null,"[4]     US Energy Information Administration. 2015. International Energy Statistics. Biofuels Production. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=79&pid=79&aid=1 "]
[null,"[5]     Energy Statistics 2015. https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/energy_statistics_2015.pdf  "]
[null,"[6]     IEA Bioenergy Task 39. Newsletter #39. Denmark Feature. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2015/06/IEA-Bioenergy-Task-39-Newsletter-Issue-39-May-2015-final.pdf"]
[null,"[7]     Chen, R., Qin, Z., Han, J., Wang, M., Taheripour, F., Tyner, W., O'Connor, D., Duffield, J. 2018. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of biodiesel in the United States with induced land use change impacts. Bioresource Technology, Volume 251, 2018, Pages 249-258, ISSN 0960-8524, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.031.   "]
[null,"[8]     Cargill. 2017. Cargill to build state of- the-art biodiesel plant in Wichita, Kansas. https://www.cargill.com/2017/cargill-to-build-state-of-the-art-biodiesel-plant-in-wichita-ks "]
[null,"[9]     IRENA. 2013. Road Transport: The Cost of Renewable Solutions. http://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2013/Road_Transport.ashx "]
[null,"[10] Berghout, Niels. (2008). Technological learning in the German biodiesel industry: An experience curve approach to quantify reductions in production costs, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2013/05/Technological-learning-in-the-German-Biodiesel-Industry.pdf "]
[null,"[11] Iowa State University. 2017. Biodiesel Profitability. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/energy/xls/d1-15biodieselprofitability.xlsx "]

{"sheet":"90 UCO & animal fat FAME","index":12,"n_rows":63,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":63,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","UCO and Animal Fat FAME"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t biodiesel/year",50,50,50,50,50,0.5,2,0.5,2,"A",1]
[null,"Typical total plant size MW biodiesel/year",60,60,60,60,60,0.5,2,0.5,2,"A1"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Veg Oil Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.90600000000000003,0.90900000000000003,0.91200000000000003,0.91200000000000003,0.91200000000000003,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"E,I",1]
[null,"Methanol Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",4.3999999999999997E-2,4.3999999999999997E-2,4.3999999999999997E-2,4.3999999999999997E-2,4.3999999999999997E-2,0.93,1.07,0.93,1.07,"B,E,I",1]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",7.0000000000000001E-3,6.0000000000000001E-3,5.0000000000000001E-3,5.0000000000000001E-3,4.0000000000000001E-3,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"E,I",1]
[null,"Natural Gas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",4.3999999999999997E-2,0.04,3.5999999999999997E-2,3.4000000000000002E-2,3.2000000000000001E-2,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,"E,I",1]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Biodiesel Output, MWH/MWh ",0.84,0.85,0.86,0.86,0.87,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"F",1]
[null,"Glycerine  Output, MWH/MWh Total Input",0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"F",1]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /MW)",1.0811526411014516,1.016120903290838,0.93483123102757082,0.89418639489593754,0.84,0.8,1.2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, J, L",3]
[null,"- equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"- installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /MW/year)",0.1224105461393597,0.1224105461393597,0.1224105461393597,0.1224105461393597,0.1224105461393597,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L",4]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",7.6543947517200612,7.6543947517200612,7.6543947517200612,7.6543947517200612,7.6543947517200612,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L",4]
[null,"Start-up (M € /MW)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) biodiesel)",37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003,37.200000000000003]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001,0.88500000000000001]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /1,000 t biodiesel/year)",1.33,1.25,1.1499999999999999,1.1000000000000001,1,0.8,1.2,0.9,1.1000000000000001]
[null,"- equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"- installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25,null,null,null,null,"G"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /1,000 t biodiesel)",0.14689265536723164,0.14689265536723164,0.14689265536723164,0.14689265536723164,0.14689265536723164,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[null,"Variable O&M (M € /1,000 t biodiesel)",7.909604519774012E-2,7.909604519774012E-2,7.909604519774012E-2,7.909604519774012E-2,7.909604519774012E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D, K, L"]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A. The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing vegetable oil based bio-diesel plants in EU. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces 100,000 t/year and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B. Energy input from supporting chemicals of minor amounts is not considered. "]
[null,"C. The total capital cost include total installed cost (total direct costs) and all indirect costs such as engineering, construction, contractor’s fee, contingency and working capital. "]
[null,"D. O&M costs, costs for main raw materials are not included "]
[null,"E. 2050 values are based on industry best plant in 2015. 2020 and 2030 values interpolated between 2015 and 2050 values."]
[null,"F. Total output excludes the heat loss."]
[null,"G. Estimated from Iowa State biodiesel profitability file."]
[null,"H. Best plants operate at greater than 95% of capacity."]
[null,"I. The uncertainty is one standard deviation from the average from the NBB survey."]
[null,"J. Range of capital cost is +/- 25% of mean."]
[null,"K. Operating cost is +/- 10% of mean."]
[null,"L. M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Personal Communication. 2018. T Jensen, Emmelev A/S"]
[null,"[2]     International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2012. Biofuels – At What Cost? Mandating ethanol and biodiesel consumption in Germany. https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/bf_awc_germany.pdf "]
[null,"[3]     Desmet Ballestra. 2015. Biodiesel. http://www.desmetballestra.com/images/PDF-Brochures-2014/Biodiesel2015.pdf "]
[null,"[4]     US Energy Information Administration. 2015. International Energy Statistics. Biofuels Production. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=79&pid=79&aid=1 "]
[null,"[5]     Energy Statistics 2015. https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/energy_statistics_2015.pdf  "]
[null,"[6]     IEA Bioenergy Task 39. Newsletter #39. Denmark Feature. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2015/06/IEA-Bioenergy-Task-39-Newsletter-Issue-39-May-2015-final.pdf"]
[null,"[7]     Chen, R., Qin, Z., Han, J., Wang, M., Taheripour, F., Tyner, W., O'Connor, D., Duffield, J. 2018. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of biodiesel in the United States with induced land use change impacts. Bioresource Technology, Volume 251, 2018, Pages 249-258, ISSN 0960-8524, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.031.   "]
[null,"[8]     Cargill. 2017. Cargill to build state of- the-art biodiesel plant in Wichita, Kansas. https://www.cargill.com/2017/cargill-to-build-state-of-the-art-biodiesel-plant-in-wichita-ks "]
[null,"[9]     IRENA. 2013. Road Transport: The Cost of Renewable Solutions. http://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2013/Road_Transport.ashx "]
[null,"[10] Berghout, Niels. (2008). Technological learning in the German biodiesel industry: An experience curve approach to quantify reductions in production costs, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2013/05/Technological-learning-in-the-German-Biodiesel-Industry.pdf "]
[null,"[11] Iowa State University. 2017. Biodiesel Profitability. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/energy/xls/d1-15biodieselprofitability.xlsx "]

{"sheet":"91 Hydrogenated veg oil","index":13,"n_rows":69,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":69,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","HVO / renwable diesel"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t HVO/year",500,500,750,850,1000,0.5,2,0.5,1,"A, B"]
[null,"Typical total plant size MW HVO",730,730,1100,1250,1460,0.5,2,0.5,1,"A, A1, B"]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",0.88100000000000001,0.88100000000000001,0.88100000000000001,0.88100000000000001,0.88100000000000001,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C","3,4,11"]
[null,"Hydrogen Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",0.105,0.105,0.105,0.105,0.105,0.93,1.07,0.93,1.07,"C, D","3,4,11"]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",8.0000000000000002E-3,8.0000000000000002E-3,8.0000000000000002E-3,8.0000000000000002E-3,8.0000000000000002E-3,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"C","3,4,11"]
[null,"Natural Gas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",7.0000000000000001E-3,7.0000000000000001E-3,7.0000000000000001E-3,7.0000000000000001E-3,7.0000000000000001E-3,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,"C","3,4,11"]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"HVO Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C, H"]
[null,"Naphta Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",6.6000000000000003E-2,6.6000000000000003E-2,6.6000000000000003E-2,6.6000000000000003E-2,6.6000000000000003E-2,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C, H"]
[null,"Fuel Gas Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",3.3000000000000002E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C, H"]
[null,"LPG Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",2.75E-2,2.75E-2,2.75E-2,2.75E-2,2.75E-2,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C, H"]
[null,"District Heating Output, MWh/MWh Total input",{"$f":"0.0237*0.15","v":3.5549999999999996E-3},{"$f":"0.0237*0.15","v":3.5549999999999996E-3},3.5549999999999996E-3,3.5549999999999996E-3,3.5549999999999996E-3,0.99,1.01,0.99,1.01,"C, H"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"I"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2,null,null,null,null,null,7]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /MW)",0.76498843622131285,0.75609322184664662,0.63754427390791024,0.59840000000000004,0.57818893435331797,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, J, L","10, 12"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /MW/year)",3.558085749866572E-2,3.558085749866572E-2,3.5419126328217233E-2,3.5324675324675321E-2,3.558085749866572E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L",7]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",8.4812467537895504,8.4812467537895504,8.4812467537895539,8.4812467537895522,8.4812467537895504,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L",7]
[null,"Startup (M € /MW)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",44.1,44.1,44.1,44.1,44.1]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /1,000 t HVO)",1.1168831168831168,1.1038961038961039,0.93506493506493504,0.88,0.84415584415584421,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, J, L","10, 12"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /1,000 t HVO)",5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L",7]
[null,"Variable O&M (M € /1,000 t HVO)",0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L",7]
[null,"Startup (M € /1,000 t HVO)",0,0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing HVO plants. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.     The plant size uncertainty represents the current range in the market. "]
[null,"C.     Performance is typical based on public data and confidential data reviewed by (S&T)2 Consultants Inc."]
[null,"D.     Hydrogen consumption is also a function of the feedstock to a small degree."]
[null,"E.     The total capital cost include total installed cost (total direct costs) and all indirect costs such as engineering, construction, contractor’s fee, contingency and working capital. "]
[null,"F.     O&M costs, costs for main raw materials are not included."]
[null,"G.    There is limited potential for process improvements."]
[null,"H.     Total output excludes the heat loss."]
[null,"I.      Best plants operate at greater than 95% of capacity."]
[null,"J.     Range of capital cost is +/- 25% of mean."]
[null,"K.     Operating cost uncertainty is +/- 10% of mean."]
[null,"L.      M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Neste. 2013. North American Tallow Pathway Description. https://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/2a2b/apps/nes-na-tallow-rpt-011414.pdf"]
[null,"[2]     US EPA. 2017. EPA Approval for REG Geismar. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-05/documents/reg-geismar-deter-ltr-2017-04-13.pdf"]
[null,"[3]     Kalnes, T et al. 2012. Green diesel production by hydrorefining renewable feedstocks. https://www.uop.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/UOP-Hydrorefining-Green-Diesel-Tech-Paper.pdf"]
[null,"[4]     de Jong, S., Hoefnagels, R., Faaij, A., Slade, R., Mawhood, R. and Junginger, M. 2015. The feasibility of short-term production strategies for renewable jet fuels – a comprehensive techno-economic comparison. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 9: 778–800. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1613   "]
[null,"[5]     Neste Financial Statements. https://www.neste.com/en/corporate-info/investors/financials "]
[null,"[6]     US Energy Information Administration. New York Harbour ULSD Price. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_spt_s1_d.htm"]
[null,"[7]     Iowa State University. 2017. Biodiesel Profitability. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/energy/xls/d1-15biodieselprofitability.xlsx "]
[null,"[8]     Rogelio Sotelo-Boyás, Fernando Trejo-Zárraga and Felipe de Jesús Hernández-Loyo (2012). Hydroconversion of Triglycerides into Green Liquid Fuels, Hydrogenation, Prof. Iyad Karamé (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/48710. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrogenation/hydroconversion-of-triglycerides-into-green-liquid-fuels"]
[null,"[9]     Tao, L., Milbrandt, A., Zhang, Y. and Wang, W. 2017. Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2017 10:261. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0945-3"]
[null,"[10] Miller, P., Kumar, A. 2014. Techno-economic assessment of hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel production from canola and camelina, In Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Volume 6, 2014, Pages 105-115, ISSN 2213-1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2014.01.008 "]
[null,"[11] Diamond Green Diesel. Press release. 2016. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/diamond-green-diesel-to-be-expanded-to-275-million-gallons-annually-300248085.html "]
[null,"[12] Neste Renewable Diesel Handbook. https://www.neste.com/sites/default/files/attachments/neste_renewable_diesel_handbook.pdf "]
[null,"[13] Sub Group on Advanced Biofuels. 2017. Cost of Biofuel. http://platformduurzamebiobrandstoffen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017_SGAB_Cost-of-Biofuels.pdf "]

{"sheet":"92 HVO jet fuel","index":14,"n_rows":63,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":63,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","HVO Jet Fuel"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t HVO/year",400,400,600,700,800,0.5,2,0.5,1,"A, B"]
[null,"Typical total plant size MW HVO",580,580,875,1020,1165,0.5,2,0.5,1,"A, A1, B"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",0.77900000000000003,0.77900000000000003,0.77900000000000003,0.77900000000000003,0.77900000000000003,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, G","2,3"]
[null,"Hydrogen Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",9.9000000000000005E-2,9.9000000000000005E-2,9.9000000000000005E-2,9.9000000000000005E-2,9.9000000000000005E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C,D, G","2,3"]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",3.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, G","2,3"]
[null,"Natural Gas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",0.11899999999999999,0.11899999999999999,0.11899999999999999,0.11899999999999999,0.11899999999999999,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, G","2,3"]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"HVO Jet Output, GJ/GJ Total Input",0.66,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, H"]
[null,"Naphta Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",6.5100000000000005E-2,6.5100000000000005E-2,6.5100000000000005E-2,6.5100000000000005E-2,6.5100000000000005E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, H"]
[null,"LPG Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",9.2399999999999996E-2,9.2399999999999996E-2,9.2399999999999996E-2,9.2399999999999996E-2,9.2399999999999996E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, H"]
[null,"Fuel Gas Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, H"]
[null,"District Heating Output, MWh/MWh Total input",{"$f":"0.177*0.15","v":2.6549999999999997E-2},2.6549999999999997E-2,2.6549999999999997E-2,2.6549999999999997E-2,2.6549999999999997E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C, H"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"I"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /MW HVO Jet)",0.95835199283475159,0.95835199283475159,0.81038961038961044,0.75490196078431382,0.7134496404882672,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, E, J, L"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /MW/year)",3.5826242722794444E-2,3.5826242722794444E-2,3.5621521335807045E-2,3.5650623885917998E-2,3.5672482024413352E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L"]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",8.5005223145936188,8.5005223145936188,8.5005223145936188,8.5005223145936188,8.5005223145936188,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L"]
[null,"Start-up (M € /1,000 t HVO Jet)",0,0,0,null,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",44,44,44,44,44]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77]
[null,"Specific investment (M € /1000 t HVO Jet)",1.3896103896103897,1.3896103896103897,1.1818181818181819,1.1000000000000001,1.0389610389610391,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, E, J, L"]
[null," -equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M € /1,000 t HVO)",5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,5.1948051948051945E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L"]
[null,"Variable O&M (M € /1,000 t HVO)",0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"F, K, L"]
[null,"Startup (M € /1,000 t HVO)",0,0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing HVO plants. Jet production is 80% of HVO diesel production with the other 20% representing increased co-products."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.     The plant size uncertainty represents the current range in the market. "]
[null,"C.     Performance is typical based similar performance to HVO diesel but with less primary product and more co-products."]
[null,"D.     Hydrogen consumption is also a function of the feedstock to a small degree."]
[null,"E.     The total capital cost include total installed cost (total direct costs) and all indirect costs such as engineering, construction, contractor’s fee, contingency and working capital. "]
[null,"F.     O&M costs, costs for main raw materials are not included."]
[null,"G.    There is limited potential for process improvements."]
[null,"H.     Total output excludes the heat loss."]
[null,"I.      Best plants operate at greater than 95% of capacity."]
[null,"J.     Range of capital cost is +/- 25% of mean."]
[null,"K.     Operating cost uncertainty is +/- 10% of mean."]
[null,"L.     M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes."]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     AltAir. 2017. The Department of Energy: Wet and Gaseous Feedstocks: Barriers and Opportunities. https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/07/f35/BETO_2017WTE-Workshop_BryanSherbacow-AltAir.pdf "]
[null,"[2]     Antonissen, K. 2016. Greenhouse gas performance of renewable jet fuel: a comparison of conversion pathways. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/347665/MSc%20Thesis%20K.Y%20Antonissen%2c%20May%202016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y "]
[null,"[3]     de Jong, S., Antonissen, K., Hoefnagels, R., Lonza, L., Wang, M., Faaij, A., and Junginger, M. 2017. Life-cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from renewable jet fuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels201710:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0739-7 "]
[null,"[4]     Tao, L., Milbrandt, A., Zhang, Y., and Wang, W. 2017. Techno‑economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 10:261. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0945-3 "]
[null,"[5]     Starck, L., Pidol, L., Jeuland, N., Chapus, T., Bogers, P., Bauldreay, J. 2016. Production of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) - Optimization of Process Yield. Oil Gas Sci. Technol. - Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles. Volume 71, Number 1, January-February 2016. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2014007 "]
[null,"[6]     Stratton et al. 2010. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Alternative Jet Fuels. http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/proj28/partner-proj28-2010-001.pdf "]
[null,"[7]     de Jong, S., Hoefnagels, R., Faaij, A., Slade, R., Mawhood, R. and Junginger, M. 2015. The feasibility of short-term production strategies for renewable jet fuels – a comprehensive techno-economic comparison. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 9: 778–800. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1613   "]

{"sheet":"93 1st generation ethanol","index":15,"n_rows":63,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":63,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","1st Generation Ethanol"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Ethanol/year, 1,000 tonnes/year",320,320,400,450,500,0.5,1.2,0.6,1,"A, B",11]
[null,"Ethanol/year, MW",280,280,350,400,440,0.5,1.2,0.6,1,"A, B"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.83,0.83,0.84,0.85,0.85,0.98,1.05,0.98,1.02,"C"]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D"]
[null,"Natural Gas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.15,0.15,0.14000000000000001,0.13,0.13,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D"]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Ethanol Output, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",0.46,46,0.47,0.47,0.47,0.95,1.02,0.95,1.02,"E, F"]
[null,"DDG  Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.28999999999999998,0.27,0.28000000000000003,0.25,0.25,0.98,1.05,0.98,1.02,"E, F"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Ethanol)",0.73779385171790235,0.72332730560578651,0.69439421338155505,0.66374999999999995,0.6616800920598388,0.95,1.25,0.95,1.25,"I, J",10]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year)",6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,0.95,1.25,0.95,1.25,"J",8]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",8.3007194396164632,8.3007194396164632,8.3007194396164632,8.300719439616465,8.300719439616465,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"G, B, J",8]
[null,"Start-up (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",26.9,26.9,26.9,26.9,26.9]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0.64556962025316456,0.63291139240506322,0.60759493670886067,0.59,0.58227848101265822,0.95,1.25,0.95,1.25,"I, J",10]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,6.0759493670886074E-2,0.95,1.25,0.95,1.25,"J",8]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",6.20253164556962E-2,6.20253164556962E-2,6.20253164556962E-2,6.20253164556962E-2,6.20253164556962E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"G, B, J",8]
[null,"Start-up (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"H"]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing ethanol plants. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.     The plant size uncertainty represents the current range in the market. "]
[null,"C.     The feedstock starch content impacts the yield. Ethanol yields in the United States have been slowly increasing from a combination of improved conversion efficiency and higher starch content of the feedstock."]
[null,"D.     The upper and lower values are representative of the range between individual plants."]
[null,"E.     Output excludes the low quality waste heat."]
[null,"F.     Change over time is a function of increased ethanol yield, which also results in lower DDG yield as the mass must be conserved."]
[null,"G.    Variable costs are reduced from improved energy efficiency. "]
[null,"H.     Start-up costs are included on variable costs."]
[null,"I.      Capital costs can be site specific and process technology supplier dependent. The costs provided for in the table are from a technology developer with a reputation for low capital costs."]
[null,"J.     M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     (S&T)2 Consultants Inc. Database of actual plant performance."]
[null,"[2]     Energy Statistics 2015. https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/energy_statistics_2015.pdf "]
[null,"[3]     ePure. 2017. Fuel Blends. http://epure.org/about-ethanol/fuel-market/fuel-blends/ "]
[null,"[4]     Biograce Version 4d without the extra 30% processing energy factor."]
[null,"[5]     Hettinga, W., Junginger, H., Dekker S., Hoogwijk, M., McAloon, A., Hicks, K. 2009. Understanding the reductions in US corn ethanol production costs: An experience curve approach. Energy Policy 37(2009)190–203. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/22550/PDF "]
[null,"[6]     IEA Bioenergy Task 39. 2009. Potential for Improving Carbon/Energy Balance of Bioethanol. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2013/05/IEA_Bioenergy_Task-39_Improving_carbon_and_energy_balance.pdf "]
[null,"[7]     US Energy Information Administration. 2015. International Energy Statistics.  Biofuels Production. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=79&pid=79&aid=1"]
[null,"[8]     ePure. 2014. State of the Industry Report 2014. http://epure.org/media/1137/state-of-the-industry-report-2014.pdf"]
[null,"[9]     ePure. 2017. 2016 Industry Statistics.  http://epure.org/media/1610/2016-industry-statistics.pdf "]
[null,"[10] Iowa State University. 2017. Ethanol Profitability. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/energy/xls/d1-10ethanolprofitability.xlsx "]
[null,"[11] Capital Journal. Oct. 10, 2017.  Ringneck Energy pouring cement, building foundations for ethanol plant near Onida. http://www.capjournal.com/news/ringneck-energy-pouring-cement-building-foundations-for-ethanol-plant-near/article_4ee23aac-adec-11e7-80fb-a7814e744ba7.html  "]
[null,"[12] Biofuel Journal. 2017. Third Quarter. Construction begins. Page 40-42."]
[null,"[13] Ringneck Energy prospectus. 2016. http://ringneckenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2015_PPM_w_Exhibits.pdf "]

{"sheet":"94 Pyrolysis oils","index":16,"n_rows":57,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":57,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Fast Pyrolysis Bio Oil"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t Bio Oil/year",20,80,200,500,1000,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, B","1, 6"]
[null,"Typical total plant size. MW",10,40,105,265,520,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, A1, B","1, 6"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",1,1,1,1,1,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.25,"E",4]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Bio Oil Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.6,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.65,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E",4]
[null,"Steam, Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.23200000000000001,0.23200000000000001,0.23200000000000001,0.23200000000000001,0.23200000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E",4]
[null,"Power, Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",1.6E-2,1.6E-2,1.6E-2,1.6E-2,1.6E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E",4]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)","n.a.",4,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",4,4,4,4,4,null,null,null,null,"C",8]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Bio Oil)",2.4,1.92,1.1428571428571428,0.84905660377358494,0.69230769230769229,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D, G","6, 8"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year Bio Oil)",7.1999999999999995E-2,7.1999999999999995E-2,6.8571428571428561E-2,6.7924528301886791E-2,6.9230769230769235E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh Bio Oil)",2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Start up  (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,null,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) bio-oil)",16,16,16,16,16]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)",1.2,0.96,0.6,0.45,0.36,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D, G","6, 8"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)",3.5999999999999997E-2,3.5999999999999997E-2,3.5999999999999997E-2,3.5999999999999997E-2,3.5999999999999997E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)",1.2E-2,1.2E-2,1.2E-2,1.2E-2,1.2E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Start up  (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,0,0]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size range is likely limited by the feedstock availability."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.     The plant size range is typical of the range found in the literature. It is highly uncertain given that the commercial demonstration plants in operation are much smaller."]
[null,"C.     This is twice the time normally found in process operations."]
[null,"D.     Capital costs for nth plant are used for 2050 and earlier costs are estimates."]
[null,"E.     These are based on the commercial demonstration plant results."]
[null,"F.     Nth plant estimates."]
[null,"G.    M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Muggen, G. 2015. Looking back at the first half year of commercial scale pyrolysis oil production at Empyro. tcbiomass Chicago November 4th 2015. http://www.gastechnology.org/tcbiomass/tcb2015/Muggen_Gerhard-Presentation-tcbiomass2015.pdf "]
[null,"[2]     BTG Bioliquids. Empyro project. https://www.btg-btl.com/en/company/projects/empyro "]
[null,"[3]     Mahajan. M. 2018. Biomass-A Massive opportunity in disguise. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/32_dharmesh_mahajan-honeywell.pdf "]
[null,"[4]     Bridgwater, A., Meier, D. Radlein, D. 1999. An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Organic Geochemistry, Volume 30, Issue 12, Pages 1479-1493, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00120-5. "]
[null,"[5]     BTG. November 2017 Newsletter. https://www.btg-btl.com/nieuwsbrieven/2017/november/en  "]
[null,"[6]     Mark M. Wright, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown 2010. Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis to Transportation Fuels https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/46586.pdf "]
[null,"[7]     Hu, W., Dang, Q., Rover, M., Brown, R., Wright, M. 2015. Comparative techno-economic analysis of advanced biofuels, biochemicals, and hydrocarbon chemicals via the fast pyrolysis platform. Biofuels, 7:1, 57-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2015.1118780 "]
[null,"[8]     Shemfe, M.,Sai Gu, S., Ranganathan, P. 2015. Techno-economic performance analysis of biofuel production and miniature electric power generation from biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading, Fuel, Volume 143, 2015, Pages 361-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.078. "]
[null,"[9]     BE-Sustainable. 2014. Empyro BV breaks ground of its biomass to liquid pyrolysis plant. http://www.besustainablemagazine.com/cms2/empyro-bv-breaks-ground-of-its-biomass-to-liquid-pyrolysis-plant/ "]
[null,"[10] Ensyn. 2016. Scale-up & Optimization BETO Workshop. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/10/f33/Graham_0.pdf "]
[null,"[11] BTG. Pyrolysis oil properties. https://www.btg-btl.com/en/applications/oilproperties "]
[null,"[12] Environment Canada. 1999. Bunker C Fuel Oil. www.etc-cte.ec.gc.ca/databases/oilproperties/pdf/web_bunker_c_fuel_oil.pdf"]

{"sheet":"95 Cellulosic ethanol","index":17,"n_rows":61,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":61,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Cellulosic Ethanol"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 tonnes/year",60,60,150,175,200,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, B",9]
[null,"Typical total plant size, MW",55,55,130,155,180,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, A1, B",9]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",1,1,1,1,1,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.5,"C",1]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Ethanol Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.28999999999999998,0.28999999999999998,0.37,0.39,0.4,0.8,1.2,0.8,1.2,"C",1]
[null,"Electiricity Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.04,0.04,0.05,0.05,0.06,0.8,1.2,0.8,1.2,"C",1]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",4,4,2,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Ethanol)",5.6919219014512894,5.6919219014512894,2.561364855653081,2.2483091510732596,2.1344707130442337,0.75,1.5,0.75,1.5,"D, G","1, 10, 11"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year Ethanol)",0.1138384380290258,0.1138384380290258,5.6919219014512905E-2,5.7331883352368107E-2,5.6919219014512905E-2,0.95,2,0.95,2,"F, G",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MW Ethanol)",27.104390006910904,27.104390006910904,13.552195003455452,13.38279256591226,13.552195003455454,0.95,2,0.95,2,"F, G",1]
[null,"Start-up (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0,0,0,null,0,null,null,null,null,"E"]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",26.9,26.9,26.9,26.9,26.9]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",5.0632911392405058,5.0632911392405058,2.278481012658228,2,1.8987341772151898,0.75,1.5,0.75,1.5,"D, G","1, 10, 11"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0.10126582278481013,0.10126582278481013,5.0632911392405063E-2,5.0999999999999997E-2,5.0632911392405063E-2,0.95,2,0.95,2,"F, G",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0.20253164556962025,0.20253164556962025,0.10126582278481013,0.1,0.10126582278481013,0.95,2,0.95,2,"F, G",1]
[null,"Start-up (M€ /1,000 t Ethanol)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"E"]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size is assumed based on the plants sizes of existing ethanol plants."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.     The plant size uncertainty represents the current range in the market. "]
[null,"C.     Not all process developers are attempting to maximize ethanol output; this can result in higher feedstock consumption but lower chemical use. Co-product production is higher if the ethanol yield is low."]
[null,"D.     There is a wide range of reported capital costs for the existing plants and a wide range in the cost of future plants."]
[null,"E.     Start-up costs are included in the operating costs."]
[null,"F.     O&M costs are based on the nth plant. There are no public estimates for the costs from current plants. It has been estimated that they are twice the values for the nth plants. This may be optimistic unless the on line performance can be improved."]
[null,"G.    M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Tao, L., Schell, D., Davis, R., Tan, E., Elander, R. and Bratis, A. 2014. NREL 2012 Achievement of Ethanol Cost Targets: Biochemical Ethanol Fermentation via Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover. NREL/TP-5100-61563. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61563.pdf "]
[null,"[2]     Kacelle. 2014. Bringing cellulosic ethanol to industrial production at Kalundborg, Denmark. https://biorefiningalliance.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/KACELLE-PUBLISHABLE-SUMMARY-web.pdf "]
[null,"[3]     POET-DSM achieves cellulosic biofuel breakthrough. Nov 2017. http://poetdsm.com/pr/poet-dsm-achieves-cellulosic-biofuel-breakthrough "]
[null,"[4]     Thakrar, A. 2017. PROJECT LIBERTY: Lessons learned in commercializing cellulosic biofuels. Presented at 6TH International Conference on Lignocellulosic Ethanol. Brussels, Sept 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/events/6th-international-conference-ethanol-lignocellulosics."]
[null,"[5]     Van der Meij, R. 2017. A venture capitalist’s view on investment in lingo-cellulosic ethanol. Presented at 6TH International Conference on Lignocellulosic Ethanol. Brussels, Sept 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/events/6th-international-conference-ethanol-lignocellulosics."]
[null,"[6]     Merritt, M. 2017. Real Progress in Cellulosic Biofuel. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 11: 943-944. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1837 "]
[null,"[7]     Beta Renewables. Oct 2017. The Alessandria court admitted the Gruppo Mossi Ghisolfi companies to the “concordato preventivo”. http://www.betarenewables.com/en/media-relations/news-detail/32 "]
[null,"[8]     DuPont to sell cellulosic ethanol plant in blow to biofuel. Nov 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dowdupont-ethanol/dupont-to-sell-cellulosic-ethanol-plant-in-blow-to-biofuel-idUSKBN1D22T5 "]
[null,"[9]     Clariant. 2017. Clariant And Enviral Announce First License Agreement on Sunliquid® Cellulosic Ethanol Technology. https://www.clariant.com/en/Corporate/News/2017/09/Clariant-and-Enviral-announce-first-license-agreement-on-sunliquid-cellulosic-ethanol-technology "]
[null,"[10] Clariant. 2017. Clariant to Build Flagship Sunliquid® Cellulosic Ethanol Plant in Romania. https://www.clariant.com/en/Corporate/News/2017/10/Clariant-to-build-flagship-sunliquid-cellulosic-ethanol-plant-in-Romania "]
[null,"[11] IEA Bioenergy Task 39. Cellulosic Ethanol Plants. http://demoplants.bioenergy2020.eu/ "]
[null,"[12] Brian Foody. 2016. Scaling Up Cellulosic Biofuels, Ideas & Experience. Presented at Scaling Up, Ottawa, Ontario, Nov 15, 2016."]
[null,"[13] Lee R Lynd, Xiaoyu Liang, Mary J Biddy, Andrew Allee, Hao Cai, Thomas Foust, Michael E Himmel, Mark S Laser, Michael Wang, Charles E Wyman. 2017. Cellulosic ethanol: status and innovation, In Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Volume 45, 2017, Pages 202-211, ISSN 0958-1669, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.008 "]
[null,"[14] de Jong, S., Hoefnagels, R., Faaij, A., Slade, R., Mawhood, R. and Junginger, M. 2015. The feasibility of short-term production strategies for renewable jet fuels – a comprehensive techno-economic comparison. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 9: 778–800. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1613   "]
[null,"[15] Irena. 2016. Innovation Outlook. Advanced Liquid Biofuels. http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_Advanced_Liquid_Biofuels_2016.pdf "]
[null,"[16] Sub Group on Advanced Biofuels. 2017. Cost of Biofuel. http://platformduurzamebiobrandstoffen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017_SGAB_Cost-of-Biofuels.pdf  "]

{"sheet":"96 Biomass to diesel an j. fuel","index":18,"n_rows":64,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":64,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Biomass to Diesel and Jet"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t FT Liquids/year",50,50,100,125,150,1,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, B","1, 6"]
[null,"Typical total plant size, MW",75,75,150,190,225,1,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, A1, B","1, 6"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",1,1,1,1,1,0.8,1,0.8,1,"C",1]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Naphta Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.1376,0.1376,{"$f":"D11*0.4/0.38","v":0.14484210526315791},{"$f":"(E11+G11)/2","v":0.15389473684210528},{"$f":"D11*0.45/0.38","v":0.16294736842105265},0.8,1.1000000000000001,0.8,1.1000000000000001,"D",1]
[null,"Jet Fuel Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",1.47E-2,1.47E-2,{"$f":"D12*0.4/0.38","v":1.5473684210526315E-2},{"$f":"(E12+G12)/2","v":1.6440789473684211E-2},{"$f":"D12*0.45/0.38","v":1.7407894736842105E-2},0.8,1.1000000000000001,0.8,1.1000000000000001,"D",1]
[null,"Diesel Output,  MWh/MWh Total Input",9.98E-2,9.98E-2,0.10505263157894738,0.11161842105263159,0.11818421052631578,0.8,1.1000000000000001,0.8,1.1000000000000001,"D",1]
[null,"Electricity Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",1.17E-2,1.17E-2,1.6E-2,1.8000000000000002E-2,0.02,0.8,1.1000000000000001,0.8,1.1000000000000001,"D",1]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",4,4,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",20,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Liquids/year)",4.329004329004329,4.329004329004329,3.8961038961038956,3.6184210526315788,3.4632034632034632,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"E, L","1, 6, 7, 8, 9"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW /year FT Liquids/year)",0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10389610389610389,0.10263157894736842,0.10389610389610389,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"L",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh FT Liquids/year)",1.0625737898465171,1.0625737898465171,1.0625737898465171,1.0636363636363637,1.0625737898465171,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"L",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t FT Liquids/year)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) FT Diesel)",44,44,44,44,44]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t FT Liquids/year)",6.4935064935064934,6.4935064935064934,5.8441558441558437,5.5,5.1948051948051948,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"E, L","1, 6, 7, 8, 9"]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t FT Liquids/year)",0.15584415584415584,0.15584415584415584,0.15584415584415584,0.156,0.15584415584415584,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"L",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t FT Liquids/year)",1.2987012987012986E-2,1.2987012987012986E-2,1.2987012987012986E-2,1.2999999999999999E-2,1.2987012987012986E-2,0.75,1.2,0.75,1.2,"L",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t FT Liquids/year)",0,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size is assumed based on the proposed Velocys plant and the NREL nth plant. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year"]
[null,"B.     Feedstock availability is likely to determine the maximum plant size."]
[null,"C.     The feedstock requirements could vary with efforts to improve the desired product selectivity."]
[null,"D.     Over time the power available for export may increase due to improve thermal management in the plant."]
[null,"E.     There is a wide range of reported capital costs for the existing plants and a wide range in the cost of future plants."]
[null,"F.     Start-up costs are included in the operating costs."]
[null,"M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Tan, E. C. D., Snowden-Swan, L. J., Talmadge, M., Dutta, A., Jones, S., Ramasamy, K. K., Gray, M., Dagle, R., Padmaperuma, A., Gerber, M., Sahir, A. H., Tao, L. and Zhang, Y. 2017. Comparative techno-economic analysis and process design for indirect liquefaction pathways to distillate-range fuels via biomass-derived oxygenated intermediates upgrading. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 11: 41–66. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1710 "]
[null,"[2]     Kreutz, T., Larson, E., Liu, G., Williams, R. 2008. Fischer-Tropsch Fuels from Coal and Biomass. 25th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference. http://acee.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kreutz-et-al-PCC-2008-10-7-08.pdf "]
[null,"[3]     Baliban, R., Elia, J., Floudas, C., Gurau, B., Weingarten, M., and Klotz, S. 2013. Hardwood Biomass to Gasoline, Diesel, and Jet Fuel: 1. Process Synthesis and Global Optimization of a Thermochemical Refinery. Energy & Fuels 2013 27 (8), 4302-4324. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/ef302003f    "]
[null,"[4]     Sikarwar, V., Zhao, M., Clough, P., Yao, J., Zhong, X., Memon, Shah, M., Anthony, E., and Fennell, P. 2016. An overview of advances in biomass gasification. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 2939. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00935B "]
[null,"[5]     Molino, A., Chianese, S., Musmarra, D. 2016. Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview, In Journal of Energy Chemistry, Volume 25, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 10-25, ISSN 2095-4956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2015.11.005 "]
[null,"[6]     Velocys. 2017. The biomass-to-liquids process. http://www.velocys.com/our-biorefineries/ "]
[null,"[7]     Chandra, P.K. & Payne, Fred. 1986. Turndown Ratio of a Gasifier-Combustor Predicted by a Simulation Model. Transactions of the ASAE. 29. 1748-1753. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.30383. "]
[null,"[8]     Danish Energy Agency. 2017. Energy Statistics 2015. https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/energy_statistics_2015.pdf"]
[null,"[9]     Li X, Rubæk GH, Müller-Stöver DS, Thomsen TP, Ahrenfeldt J and Sørensen P. 2017. Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Five Gasification Biochars. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 1:2. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2017.00002   "]
[null,"[10] Velocys. 2017. Establishment of a strategic alliance with TRI. http://www.velocys.com/establishment-of-a-strategic-alliance-with-tri/ "]
[null,"[11] Velocys. 2017. Velocys plans for the construction of a commercial BTL plant move forward. https://biorrefineria.blogspot.ca/2017/06/velocys-plans-for-construction-of-commercial-BTL-plant-move-forward.html "]
[null,"[12] Tijm, P. 1994. Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis: The Process, The Plant, The Products. http://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint%20archive/Files/39_4_WASHINGTON%20DC_08-94_1146.pdf "]
[null,"[13] van der Laan, P. 1999. Kinetics, Selectivity and Scale Up of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. http://www.adktroutguide.com/files/1999_Phd_Thesis_-_Kinetics_Selectivity_and_Scaleup_of_FT_Synthesis.pdf"]
[null,"[14] Industrial Equipment News. 2017. Mississippi Lands Biofuel Refinery. https://www.ien.com/operations/news/20980331/mississippi-lands-biofuel-refinery "]
[null,"[15] Irena. 2016. Innovation Outlook. Advanced Liquid Biofuels. http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_Advanced_Liquid_Biofuels_2016.pdf "]
[null,"[16] Sub Group on Advanced Biofuels. 2017. Cost of Biofuel. http://platformduurzamebiobrandstoffen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017_SGAB_Cost-of-Biofuels.pdf  "]
[null,"[17] de Jong, S., Hoefnagels, R., Faaij, A., Slade, R., Mawhood, R. and Junginger, M. 2015. The feasibility of short-term production strategies for renewable jet fuels – a comprehensive techno-economic comparison. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 9: 778–800. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1613   "]

{"sheet":"97 Methanol from biomass gasif.","index":19,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Bio Methanol"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t Methanol/year",100,100,200,250,300,0.5,2,0.5,1.25,"A, B","3, 5, 6"]
[null,"Typical total plant size, MW",65,65,130,165,195,0.5,2,0.5,1.25,"A, A1, B","3, 5, 6"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",1,1,1,1,1,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.2,null,1]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Methanol Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.57999999999999996,0.57999999999999996,0.61,0.63,0.65,1,1.33,1,1.33,"D",1]
[null,"District heat  Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.22,0.22,0.22,0.22,0.22,0.8,1.25,0.8,1.25,"D",1]
[null,"Electricity Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.8,1.25,0.8,1.25,"D",1]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",4,4,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,20,20,20,20]
[null,"Construction time (years)","2.5","2.5","2.5","2.5","2.5"]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Methanol)",5.2580331061343726,5.2580331061343726,2.9211295034079843,2.1212121212121211,1.4605647517039921,0.5,1,0.8,1.2,"F","1, 3, 5, 6"]
[null,"- equipment (%)","75",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year Methanol)",5.8422590068159676E-2,5.8422590068159676E-2,3.8948393378773129E-2,3.8358266206367474E-2,3.8948393378773122E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh methanol)",20.404307576043831,20.404307576043831,13.60287171736255,13.602871717362556,13.602871717362554,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E,,F",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t Methanoll)",0,0,0,null,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) methanol)",20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",3.4177215189873418,3.4177215189873418,1.8987341772151898,1.4,0.94936708860759489,0.5,1,0.8,1.2,"F","1, 3, 5, 6"]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",3.7974683544303792E-2,3.7974683544303792E-2,2.5316455696202531E-2,2.5316455696202531E-2,2.5316455696202531E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",0.11392405063291139,0.11392405063291139,7.5949367088607583E-2,7.5949367088607583E-2,7.5949367088607583E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E,,F",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t Methanoll)",0,0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size range is assumed based on the proposed Värmlands plant and the NREL nth plant."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year. "]
[null,"B.     Feedstock availability is likely to determine the maximum plant size."]
[null,"C.     Some plants may produce their own power and have no power imports."]
[null,"D.     Plants that produce their own power will have much lower heat available to district heat."]
[null,"E.     Assumed a 25/75 split on fixed to variable operating costs."]
[null,"F.     M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Andersson, J.,Lundgren, J., and Marklund, M. 2014. Methanol production via pressurized entrained flow biomass gasification – Techno-economic comparison of integrated vs. stand-alone production, In Biomass and Bioenergy, Volume 64, 2014, Pages 256-268, ISSN 0961-9534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.063"]
[null,"[2]     Danish Technology Institute. 2011. GreenSynFuels. EUDP project journal number: 64010-0011. http://serenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/GreenSynFuels_report_final.pdf"]
[null,"[3]     Clausen, L. 2014. Integrated torrefaction vs. external torrefaction – A thermodynamic analysis for the case of a thermochemical biorefinery. Energy, Volume 77, Pages 597-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.09.042."]
[null,"[4]     IEA Bioenergy Task 39. 2016. IEA-Bioenergy-Task-39-Newsletter-Issue-42-April-2016. http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/01/IEA-Bioenergy-Task-39-Newsletter-Issue-42-April-2016.pdf"]
[null,"[5]     Värmlands Metanol AB. http://www.varmlandsmetanol.se/Om%20Projektet.htm"]
[null,"[6]     Värmlands Metanol AB. 2016. Metanol från skog - ett miljövänligt drivmedel. http://www.varmlandsmetanol.se/dokument/Folder%20VM%20sept%202016.pdf"]
[null,"[7]     NREL. 2011. Technoeconomic comparison of biofuels: ethanol, methanol, and gasoline from gasification of woody residues. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/52636.pdf"]
[null,"[8]     Sub Group on Advanced Biofuels. 2017. Cost of Biofuel. http://platformduurzamebiobrandstoffen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017_SGAB_Cost-of-Biofuels.pdf"]

{"sheet":"98 Methanol from power","index":20,"n_rows":61,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":61,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Power to Methanol"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t Methanol/year",5,50,100,125,150,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, B","4, 5, 11"]
[null,"Typical total plant size, MW",3,33,65,83,100,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"A, A1, B","4, 5"]
[null,"Inputs"]
[null,"CO2 Consumption, t/t Methanol",1.37,1.37,1.37,1.37,1.37,1,1.1000000000000001,1,1.1000000000000001,null,5]
[null,"Hydrogen Consumption, t/t Methanol",0.192,0.192,0.192,0.192,0.192,1,1.1000000000000001,1,1.1000000000000001,null,5]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Inputs",1,1,1,1,1,0.9,1.2,0.95,1.1000000000000001,"C","2,3"]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Methanol Output, MWh/MWh Input",0.57999999999999996,0.57999999999999996,0.61,0.63,0.65,1,1.33,1,1.33,"D","2,3"]
[null,"District Heating Output, MWh/MWh Total input",0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0,1,0,1,"E","2,3"]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",4,4,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,20,20,20,20]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Methanol)",4.5134328358208959,4.5134328358208951,3.0089552238805966,2.256716417910448,1.5044776119402985,0.5,1,0.8,1.2,"F","1, 3, 5, 6"]
[null,"- equipment (%)","75",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW Methanol/year)",5.2656716417910455E-2,5.2656716417910449E-2,5.2656716417910449E-2,5.2656716417910449E-2,5.2656716417910455E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)",6.2686567164179117,6.2686567164179108,6.2686567164179108,6.2686567164179108,6.2686567164179117,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) methanol)",20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001,20.100000000000001]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79,0.79]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",3,3,2,1.5,1,0.5,1,0.8,1.2,"F","1, 3, 5, 6"]
[null,"- equipment (%)","75",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E, F",1]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t Methanol)",0,0,0,null,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size range is based on the CRI plants and other analysis in the literature. "]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year. "]
[null,"B.     CO2 availability is likely to determine the maximum plant size."]
[null,"C.     Power use improvement depends on improved efficiency for electrolyzers. "]
[null,"D.     Methanol is the only output."]
[null,"E.     Waste heat is of low quality."]
[null,"F.     The methanol synthesis step does not lend itself to intermittent operation. The concept of intermittent power to methanol is not practical without intermediate storage for hydrogen that would allow the methanol plant to operate continuously. This would have a significant capital cost impact."]
[null,"G.    There is a wide range of capital costs in the literature."]
[null,"H.     M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Next generation of methanol fuel cell vehicles sees the light of day. 2017. http://serenergy.com/next-generation-of-methanol-fuel-cell-vehicles-sees-the-light-of-day/"]
[null,"[2]     Stefansson, B. 2015. Power and CO2 emissions to methanol. https://eu-ems.com/event_images/presentations/Benedikt%20Stefansson%20presentation.pdf"]
[null,"[3]     Stefansson, B. 2017. CO2 to Renewable Methanol: experiences and perspectives for the steel industry. https://www.co2-cato.org/cato-download/4123/20170512_143353_20-11.00-Stefansson-public.pdf"]
[null,"[4]     MefCO2 Project Brochure. 2017. http://www.mefco2.eu/pdf/MefCO2_Brochure_00.pdf "]
[null,"[5]     Atsonios K, et al., Investigation of technical and economic aspects for methanol production through CO2 hydrogenation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.074 "]
[null,"[6]     Methanol Institute. http://www.methanol.org/the-methanol-industry/ "]
[null,"[7]     Hovsapian, R. 2017. Role of Electrolyzers in Grid Services. US DOE. https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/06/f34/fcto_may_2017_h2_scale_wkshp_hovsapian.pdf "]
[null,"[8]     Manuel Götz, Jonathan Lefebvre, Friedemann Mörs, Amy McDaniel Koch, Frank Graf, Siegfried Bajohr, Rainer Reimert, Thomas Kolb, Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review, In Renewable Energy, Volume 85, 2016, Pages 1371-1390, ISSN 0960-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066 "]
[null,"[9]     Danish Technology Institute. 2011. GreenSynFuels. EUDP project journal number: 64010-0011. http://serenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/GreenSynFuels_report_final.pdf"]
[null,"[10] Haldor Topsøe. 2017. Gasoline synthesis (TIGAS). https://www.topsoe.com/processes/gasoline-synthesis/gasoline-synthesis-tigas"]
[null,"[11] M. Pérez-Fortes and E. Tzimas; Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of carbon dioxide utilisation for fuel production. Synthesis of methanol and formic acid; EUR 27629 EN; https://dx.doi.org/10.2790/981669"]
[null,"[12] enea Consulting. 2016. The Potential of Power to Gas. Technology review and economic potential assessment. http://www.enea-consulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ENEA-Consulting-The-potential-of-power-to-gas.pdf"]
[null,"[13] CRI. 2017. Commercial Scale Plants. http://carbonrecycling.is/comercial-scale/ "]

{"sheet":"99 SNG from methan. of biogas","index":21,"n_rows":55,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":55,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","SNG from Biogas"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 GJ SNG/year",70,100,250,500,700,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, B","1, 7"]
[null,"Typical total plant size, MW",2.3148148148148149,3.306878306878307,8.2671957671957657,16.534391534391531,23.148148148148149,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, A1,  B","1, 7"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Biogas Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.53,0.53,0.53,0.53,0.53,0.8,1.2,0.8,1.2,"C, I",2]
[null,"Hydrogen Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.46,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.8,1.2,0.8,1.2,"C, E",2]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"D",2]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"SNG Output, MWh/MWh Total Input",0.89,0.89,0.89,0.89,0.89,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.95,1.05,"G",2]
[null,"District Heating Output, MWh/MWh Total input",0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"G",2]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)",4,4,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,"F"]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Construction time (years)",1,1,1,1,1]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW SNG)",1.0886400000000001,0.90720000000000001,0.75600000000000012,0.60480000000000012,0.4536,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"H",1]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year SNG)",4.3545599999999997E-2,3.6288000000000001E-2,3.0240000000000006E-2,2.4192000000000005E-2,1.8144E-2,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,null,1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh SNG)",5.1840000000000002,4.32,3.6000000000000005,2.8800000000000003,2.16,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,null,1]
[null,"Start up (€ /GJ SNG)",0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) SNG)",50.7,50.7,50.7,50.7,50.7]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ / 1000 GJ SNG)",3.5999999999999997E-2,0.03,2.5000000000000001E-2,0.02,1.4999999999999999E-2,0.5,1.5,0.5,1.5,"H",1]
[null," - equipment (%)",75,75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)",25,25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (€ /GJ SNG)",0.14399999999999999,0.12,0.1,0.08,0.06,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,null,1]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /GJ SNG)",0.14399999999999999,0.12,0.1,0.08,0.06,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,null,1]
[null,"Start up (€ /GJ SNG)",0,0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size range is likely limited by the biogas availability."]
[null,"B.     A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year. "]
[null,"C.     Plant size progression is based on moving from small biogas system to large systems as the technology is proven."]
[null,"D.     There are variations in the process that will have some impact on the overall efficiency. It is not yet clear what might become the industry standard."]
[null,"E.     This is the power for the system excluding the electrolyzer."]
[null,"F.     The methanation step does not lend itself to intermittent operation. The concept of intermittent power to SNG is not practical without intermediate storage for hydrogen that would allow the methanation plant to operate continuously. This would have a significant capital cost impact."]
[null,"G.    Some recoverable waste heat is available from the process."]
[null,"H.     There is a significant range in the capital cost estimates."]
[null,"I.      Assumes that the biogas is 65% methane."]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Manuel Götz, Jonathan Lefebvre, Friedemann Mörs, Amy McDaniel Koch, Frank Graf, Siegfried Bajohr, Rainer Reimert, Thomas Kolb, Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review, In Renewable Energy, Volume 85, 2016, Pages 1371-1390, ISSN 0960-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066 "]
[null,"[2]     Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE. 2017. Direct Methanation of Biogas. https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Default.aspx?DocumentID=45656&Load=true "]
[null,"[3]     gwf gas + energy. 2014. Das e-gas-Projekt am Biogasanlagen-standort in Werlte. https://www.di-verlag.de/media/content/gwf-GE/gwf_Gas_5_14/gwf-GE_05_2014_FB_Kurt.pdf?xaf26a=7841c984ef837209544e "]
[null,"[4]     Rauch, R., Hrbek, J. and Hofbauer, H. 2014. Biomass gasification for synthesis gas production and applications of the syngas. WIREs Energy Environ, 3: 343–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.97  "]
[null,"[5]     Combination of Power-to-Gas with Biogas Plant. Vienna University of Technology. https://www.tuwien.ac.at/fileadmin/t/tuwien/fotos/pa/download/2015/HM2015/Flyer_Power_to_Bio--Gas_EN.pdf "]
[null,"[6]     Hitachi Zosen Corporation and Hitachi Zosen Inova to Build First Joint Power-To-Gas Plant. Dec 2017. http://www.hz-inova.com/cms/en/home?p=6276 "]
[null,"[7]     Hansen, J., Holstebroe, M., Jensen, M., Rass-Hansen, J., Heiredal-Clausen, T. 2016. SOEC Enabled Biogas Upgrading. 12th European SOFC & SOE Forum."]
[null,"[8]     Udvikling og effektivisering af biogasproduktionen I Danmark – Delrapport 1 og 2, Danish Energy Agency Biogas Taskforce 2015."]

{"sheet":"100 Hydrothermal liquifaction","index":22,"n_rows":58,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":58,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Bio Oil"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t Bio Oil/year","n.a.",120,180,250,300,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, B","1, 6"]
[null,"Typical total plant size. MW","n.a.",145,220,300,360,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, A1, B","1, 6"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.95,0.95,0.95,0.95,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.25,"E",4]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"E",4]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Bio Oil Output, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.82,0.82,0.82,0.82,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E",4]
[null,"Co-products  Output MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0,0,0,0,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"E",4]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)","n.a.",4,0,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)",4,4,4,4,4,null,null,null,null,"C",8]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)","20+","20+","20+","20+","20+"]
[null,"Construction time (years)",2,2,2,2,2]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ / MW Bio Oil)","n.a.",2.1972752043596731,1.6479564032697545,1.2359673024523161,1.0986376021798363,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D, G","6, 8"]
[null," - equipment (%)","n.a.",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)","n.a.",25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ / MW  Bio Oil/year)","n.a.",6.2779291553133512E-2,6.2779291553133498E-2,6.2779291553133498E-2,6.2779291553133498E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh)","n.a.",14.013234721681588,14.013234721681586,14.013234721681586,14.013234721681588,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Start up (€ /MW  Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) HTL)",36.700000000000003,36.700000000000003,36.700000000000003,36.700000000000003,36.700000000000003]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /1000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",2.6666666666666665,2,1.5,1.3333333333333333,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D, G","6, 8"]
[null," - equipment (%)","n.a.",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)","n.a.",25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",7.6190476190476183E-2,7.6190476190476183E-2,7.6190476190476183E-2,7.6190476190476183E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Variable O&M (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",0.14285714285714285,0.14285714285714285,0.14285714285714285,0.14285714285714285,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"F, G",6]
[null,"Start up (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,null,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.     The plant size range is likely limited by the feedstock availability."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year. "]
[null,"B.     The plant size range is typical of the range found in the literature. It is highly uncertain given that there is no commercial demonstration plant in operation yet."]
[null,"C.     This is twice the time normally found in process operations."]
[null,"D.     Capital costs for nth plant are used for 2050 and earlier costs are estimates."]
[null,"E.     These are based on extrapolated pilot plant results."]
[null,"F.     Nth plant estimates"]
[null,"G.    M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]
[]
[null,"References"]
[null,"[1]     Steeper Energy Announces Eur 50.6 M (Dkk 377 M) Advanced Biofuel Project With Norwegian-Swedish Joint Venture Silva Green Fuel In Licensing Deal. 2017. http://steeperenergy.com/2017/12/15/steeper-energy-announces-eur-50-6-m-dkk-377-m-advanced-biofuel-project-with-norwegian-swedish-joint-venture-silva-green-fuel-in-licensing-deal/ "]
[null,"[2]     Jensen, C.U., Rodriguez Guerrero, J.K., Karatzos, S. et al. 2017. Fundamentals of Hydrofaction™: Renewable crude oil from woody biomass. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2017) 7: 495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0248-8 "]
[null,"[3]     Environment Canada. 1999. Bunker C Fuel Oil. www.etc-cte.ec.gc.ca/databases/oilproperties/pdf/web_bunker_c_fuel_oil.pdf "]
[null,"[4]     Fracking Biomass. Biofuels Digest. Feb 2, 2017. http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2017/02/02/fracking-biomass-steeper-energy-and-the-pursuit-of-renewable-hydrocarbons/ "]
[null,"[5]     Jensen, C.U., Rodriguez Guerrero, J.K., Karatzos, S. et al. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2017) 7: 495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0248-8 "]
[null,"[6]     Toms, P. 2017. Hydrofaction™ Oil: A Solution for Decarbonizing Long-haul Transport. https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/0830AM-Perry%20Toms.pdf "]
[null,"[7]     Zhu, Y., Biddy, M., Jones, S., Elliott, D., Schmidt, A. 2014. Techno-economic analysis of liquid fuel production from woody biomass via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and upgrading, In Applied Energy, Volume 129, 2014, Pages 384-394, ISSN 0306-2619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.053 "]
[null,"[8]     Licella. 2016. Licella Canfor Joint Venture at the forefront of global bioenergy. http://www.licella.com.au/news/licella-canfor-joint-venture-at-the-forefront-of-global-bioenergy/ "]
[null,"[9]     C.U. Jensen, J.K.R. Guerrero, S. Karatzos, G. Olofsson and S.B. Iversen, 10 - Hydrofaction™ of forestry residues to drop-in renewable transportation fuels, In Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction for Energy Applications, edited by Lasse Rosendahl,, Woodhead Publishing, 2018, Pages 319-345, ISBN 9780081010297, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101029-7.00009-6. "]
[null,"[10] Harris Group. 2013. Production of Advanced Biofuels via Liquefaction Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactor Design. NREL/SR-5100-60642. http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/60462.pdf "]
[null,"[11] Magdeldin, M., Kohl, T., Järvinen, M. 2018. Techno-economic Assessment of Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Combined Heat and Power Production from Lignocellulose Residues, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 6(1), pp 89-113, 2018. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d5.0177 "]
[null,"[12] Pedersen, T. H., Hansen, N. H., Pérez, O. M., Cabezas, D. E. and Rosendahl, L. A. 2018.  Renewable hydrocarbon fuels from hydrothermal liquefaction: A techno‐economic analysis. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 12: 213-223. doi:10.1002/bbb.1831 "]

{"sheet":"101 Catalytic Hydropyrolysis 2","index":23,"n_rows":43,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":43,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology","Catalytic Hydropyrolysis conf. 2"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t Bio Oil/year","n.a.",40,80,120,160,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, B","3, 4"]
[null,"Typical total plant size. MW","n.a.",56.878761904761902,113.7575238095238,170.63628571428572,227.51504761904761,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, A1, B","3, 4"]
[null," Inputs",null,null,null," "]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.25,"D",5]
[null,"Electricity Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"D",5]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Bio Oil Output, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.55000000000000004,0.56999999999999995,0.57999999999999996,0.6,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D",5]
[null,"Co-products  Output MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0,0,0,0,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"D",5]
[]
[null,"Forced outage (%)","n.a.",4,4,0,0]
[null,"Planned outage (weeks per year)","n.a.",2,3,4,5,null,null,null,null,null,5]
[null,"Technical lifetime (years)","n.a.","20+","20+","20+","20+"]
[null,"Construction time (years)","n.a.",2,2,2,2,null,null,null,null,null,5]
[null,"Financial data                                 "]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /MW Bio Oil)","n.a.",2.7822558139534888,1.5766116279069771,1.1546361627906978,0.92741860465116288,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"C, F","5, 11"]
[null," - equipment (%)","n.a.",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)","n.a.",25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /MW/year Bio Oil)","n.a.",2.7426976744186052E-2,2.7426976744186052E-2,2.7426976744186045E-2,2.7426976744186052E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"E, F",5]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /MWh Bio Oil)","n.a.",1.306046511627907,1.306046511627907,1.306046511627907,1.306046511627907,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"E, F",5]
[null,"Start up (€ /l Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,0,0]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",43,43,43,43,43]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",0.78,0.78,0.78,0.78,0.78]
[null,"Specific investment (M€ /l1000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",3.9562500000000003,2.2418750000000003,1.64184375,1.3187500000000001,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"C, F","5, 11"]
[null," - equipment (%)","n.a.",75,75,75,75]
[null," -installation (%)","n.a.",25,25,25,25]
[null,"Fixed O&M (M€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",3.9E-2,3.9E-2,3.9E-2,3.9E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"E, F",5]
[null,"Variable O&M (€ /1,000 t Bio Oil)","n.a.",1.5600000000000001E-2,1.5600000000000001E-2,1.5600000000000001E-2,1.5600000000000001E-2,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"E, F",5]
[null,"Start up (€ /l Bio Oil)","n.a.",0,0,0,0]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A.    The plant size range is likely limited by the feedstock availability."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year."]
[null,"B.    The plant size range is typical of the range found in the literature. It is highly uncertain given that there is no commercial demonstration plant in operation yet."]
[null,"C.    Capital costs for nth plant are used for 2050 and earlier costs are estimates."]
[null,"D.    These are based on extrapolated pilot plant results."]
[null,"E.    Nth plant estimates"]
[null,"F.    M €/k tonne is million euro per 1,000 tonnes"]

{"sheet":"101 Catalytic Hydropyrolysis 1","index":24,"n_rows":24,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":24,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[15,2,15,12],[16,3,16,6],[16,7,16,8],[17,3,17,6],[17,7,17,8],[10,1,10,12],[1,3,1,12],[2,7,2,8],[2,9,2,10],[4,1,4,12],[7,1,7,12]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Back to Index"]
[null,"Technology",null,"Catalytic Hydroprocessing conf. 1"]
[null,null,2015,2020,2030,2040,2050,"Uncertainty (2020)",null,"Uncertainty (2050)",null,"Note","Ref"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower","Upper","Lower","Upper"]
[null,"Energy/technical data"]
[null,"Typical total plant size 1,000 t liquid fuels/year","n.a.",40,80,120,160,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, B","3, 4"]
[null,"Typical total plant size. MW","n.a.",57,114,171,228,0.5,1.25,0.75,1.25,"A, A1, B","3, 4"]
[null," Inputs"]
[null,"Feedstock Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.9,1.5,0.9,1.25,"C",1]
[null,"Hydrogen Consumption, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.23,0.23,0.23,0.23,0.75,1.25,0.75,1.25,"C",1]
[null,"Outputs"]
[null,"Liquid Fuel Output, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.38,0.38,0.38,0.38,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C",1]
[null,"Biochar, Output, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.13,0.13,0.13,0.13,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C",1]
[null,"Gas Output, MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.31,0.31,0.31,0.31,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C",1]
[null,"District Heat MWh/MWh Total Input","n.a.",0.18,0.18,0.18,0.18,0.9,1.1000000000000001,0.9,1.1000000000000001,"C",1]
[null,"Technology specific data                                 "]
[null,"Specific energy content (GJ/ton) ",null,43]
[null,"Specific density  (kg/l) or (ton/m3)",null,0.83]
[]
[null,"Notes:"]
[null,"A. The plant size range is likely limited by the feedstock availability."]
[null,"A1. This value is the hourly rating and has been calculated as if the unit produces at capacity and was in operations 8,000 h/year. "]
[null,"B. The plant size range is typical of the range found in the literature. It is highly uncertain given that there is no commercial demonstration plant in operation yet."]
[null,"C. These are based on extrapolated pilot plant results."]